{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:35:39Z","timestamp":1789133739196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common extraintestinal complication of <jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic> is amebic liver abscess (ALA). Hepatic vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis are rare but well-documented complications of ALA, typically attributed to mechanical compression and inflammation associated with a large abscess. We present a case of a previously healthy 43-year-old Canadian man presenting with constitutional symptoms and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. He was found to have thrombophlebitis of the IVC, accessory right hepatic vein, and bilateral iliac veins. Extensive investigations for thrombophilia were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver demonstrated a 3.2-cm focal area of parenchymal abnormality that was reported as presumptive hepatocellular carcinoma, and a 1.9-cm lesion in the caudate lobe with diffusion restriction and peripheral rim enhancement. Despite multiple biopsy attempts, a histopathological diagnosis was not achieved. Abdominal pain and fever 4 months later prompted repeat ultrasound demonstrating a 10.4- \u00d7 12.0-cm rim-enhancing fluid attenuation lesion felt to represent a liver abscess. Thick dark \u201cchocolate brown\u201d drainage from the lesion and positive serology for <jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic> confirmed the diagnosis of ALA acquired from a previous trip to Cuba. The patient was started on treatment with metronidazole and paromomycin and repeat abdominal ultrasound demonstrated resolution of the abscess. This case is the first to demonstrate extensive IVC thrombosis secondary to a relatively small occult ALA and emphasizes the thrombogenic potential of ALA. Amebic infection should be considered as a rare cause of IVC thrombosis in the correct clinical context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T07:00:52Z","timestamp":1499151652000},"page":"1214-1217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Occult Amebic Liver Abscess as Cause of Extensive Inferior Vena Cava and Hepatic Vein Thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Leslie","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishigandha","family":"Burute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo E.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Siegal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Amebiasis","volume":"348","author":"Haque","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet (London, England)","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Amoebiasis","volume":"361","author":"Stanley","year":"2003"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Med J Malaysia","first-page":"524","article-title":"Amebic liver abscess complicated by inferior vena cava thrombosis: a case report","volume":"67","author":"Ray","year":"2012"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"516974","article-title":"Pulmonary thromboembolism complicating amebic liver abscess: first reported case in the united states-case report and literature review","volume":"2015","author":"McKenzie","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Emerg Med","first-page":"155","article-title":"Hepatic and inferior vena caval thrombosis: vascular complication of amebic liver abscess","volume":"34","author":"Sodhi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Korean J Hepatol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Three cases of amoebic liver abscess causing inferior vena cava obstruction, with a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Sarda","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg","first-page":"872","article-title":"Inferior vena caval and right atrial thrombus complicating amoebic liver abscess","volume":"17","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Trop Doct","first-page":"177","article-title":"Amoebic liver abscesses complicated by inferior vena cava and right atrium thrombus","volume":"39","author":"Khan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg","first-page":"33","article-title":"Inferior vena cava thrombosis in a pediatric patient of amebic liver abscess","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","first-page":"499","article-title":"Obliterative hepatocavopathy-inferior vena cava thrombosis at its hepatic portion. Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Dis Int","volume":"1","author":"Okuda","year":"2002"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Differentiating hepatic abscess from malignant mimickers: value of diffusion-weighted imaging with an emphasis on the periphery of the lesion","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/4\/article-p1214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/4\/article-p1214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/4\/article-p1214.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T16:38:25Z","timestamp":1722443905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/4\/article-p1214.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0258","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]}}}