{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:16:36Z","timestamp":1790432196227,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by direct venous inoculation (DVI) with 3,200 cryopreserved\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sporozoites (PfSPZ) consistently leads to parasitemia and malaria symptoms in malaria-naive adults. We used CHMI by DVI to investigate infection rates, parasite kinetics, and malaria symptoms in lifelong malaria\u2013exposed (semi-immune) Gabonese adults with and without sickle cell trait. Eleven semi-immune Gabonese with normal hemoglobin (IA), nine with sickle cell trait (IS), and five nonimmune European controls with normal hemoglobin (NI) received 3,200 PfSPZ by DVI and were followed 28 days for parasitemia by thick blood smear (TBS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for malaria symptoms. End points were time to parasitemia and parasitemia plus symptoms. PfSPZ Challenge was well tolerated and safe. Five of the five (100%) NI, 7\/11 (64%) IA, and 5\/9 (56%) IS volunteers developed parasitemia by TBS, and 5\/5 (100%) NI, 9\/11 (82%) IA, and 7\/9 (78%) IS by qPCR, respectively. The time to parasitemia by TBS was longer in IA (geometric mean 16.9 days) and IS (19.1 days) than in NA (12.6 days) volunteers (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.016, 0.021, respectively). Five of the five, 6\/9, and 1\/7 volunteers with parasitemia developed symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003, NI versus IS). Naturally adaptive immunity (NAI) to malaria significantly prolonged the time to parasitemia. Sickle cell trait seemed to prolong it further. NAI plus sickle cell trait, but not NAI alone, significantly reduced symptom rate. Twenty percent (4\/20) semi-immunes demonstrated sterile protective immunity. Standardized CHMI with PfSPZ Challenge is a powerful tool for dissecting the impact of innate and naturally acquired adaptive immunity on malaria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T02:01:26Z","timestamp":1513648886000},"page":"508-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Impact of Sickle Cell Trait and Naturally Acquired Immunity on Uncomplicated Malaria after Controlled Human Malaria Infection in Adults in Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mordm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Dejon Agobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiane","family":"Honkpehedji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannot","family":"Zinsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Boex","family":"Mengue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite Massinga","family":"Loembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayola Akim","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Lalremruata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"The Trong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meral","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"KC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland;"},{"name":"Protein Potential, LLC, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Ruben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumana","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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