{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:59:58Z","timestamp":1757703598599},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An estimated 4.7 billion people live in regions exposed to soil-transmitted helminths, intestinal parasites that have significant impacts on the health of women smallholder farmers. The goal of this trial was to determine whether treatment with albendazole impacts the work capacity of these farmers. This is a prospective double-blind, randomized effectiveness trial. Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 250) were randomly selected from safe motherhood groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Prevalence\/intensity of hookworm infection, hemoglobin, and demographics was obtained. At study (Time = 0), participants were randomized into treatment (albendazole 400 mg) and placebo (similar placebo tablet) groups. A step test was administered as a proxy metric for work capacity. Work capacity was defined as \u2206heart rate before and after 3 minutes of step testing, in beats per minute. At study (time = 7 months), the step test was repeated and work capacity remeasured. The \u2206work capacity (time = 0 minus time = 7 months) was the primary outcome. Investigators\/field assistants were blinded to who was enrolled in groups, hookworm status, and step test results. Regression showed highly significant interactive effects of hookworm status and treatment group relative to \u2206work capacity after controlling for resting pulse rate and age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002). Estimated marginal means for work capacity (WC) for each of four groups (hookworm positive plus placebo, hookworm positive plus treatment, hookworm negative plus placebo, and hookworm negative plus treatment) showed women who were hookworm positive and received treatment decreased heart rate by 9.744 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.42, 13.07) beats per minute (increased WC), whereas women who were hookworm positive and received placebo saw a nonsignificant decrease of 0.034 (95% CI: \u22123.16, 3.84) beats per minute. Treatment with albendazole was associated with improved aerobic work capacity posttreatment. Given modest costs of drug distributions, risk benefits of periodic deworming warrants further study in larger controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T07:00:36Z","timestamp":1522738836000},"page":"1419-1426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Albendazole Treatment Improves Work Capacity in Women Smallholder Farmers Infected with Hookworm: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Salmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"InnovationCZ, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Global Health Emergency Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western New England University, North Hampton, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Masoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Education Action Leadership Africa Hospital, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Maurice","family":"Salumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kindu General Hospital, Kindu, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Bozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akeso Associates, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Nieburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akeso Associates, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Partnerships for Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Abaca Uvon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre l\u2019Onchocercose, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Trout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Agency for International Development, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cappello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Partnerships for Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;"},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"91","article-title":"Impact of a national helminth control programme on infection and morbidity in Ugandan schoolchildren","volume":"85","author":"Kabatereine","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"643","article-title":"The contribution of hookworm and other parasitic infections to haemoglobin and iron status among children and adults in western Kenya","volume":"92","author":"Olsen","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2118","article-title":"NTDs in the heart of darkness: the Democratic Republic of Congo\u2019s unknown burden of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rimoin","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"547","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture","volume":"19","author":"De Silva","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Glob Public Health","first-page":"812","article-title":"Removing the neglect from neglected tropical diseases: the Rwandan experience 2008\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"Ruxin","year":"2012"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e412","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases in sub-saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden","volume":"3","author":"Hotez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Rev Infect Dis","first-page":"824","article-title":"Hookworm disease: host-pathogen biology","volume":"4","author":"Gilman","year":"1982"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Q J Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hookworm infection and anaemia. An epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study","volume":"33","author":"Gilles","year":"1964"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"431","article-title":"Helminthic infections","volume":"327","author":"Awasthi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e291","article-title":"Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Brooker","year":"2008"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Ethiop Med J","first-page":"211","article-title":"Risk factors for anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Jimma University Hospital, southwest Ethiopia","volume":"44","author":"Belachew","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"334","article-title":"Iron depletion without anemia and physical performance in young women","volume":"66","author":"Zhu","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"910","article-title":"Physical work capacity and metabolic stress in subjects with iron deficiency anemia","volume":"30","author":"Gardner","year":"1977"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women","volume":"88","author":"Hinton","year":"2000"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Nutr Metab","first-page":"22","article-title":"The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies","volume":"66","author":"Bailey","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Parasitol Today","first-page":"153","article-title":"Do intestinal nematodes affect productivity in adulthood?","volume":"16","author":"Guyatt","year":"2000"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"916","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia and the productivity of adult males in Indonesia","volume":"32","author":"Basta","year":"1979"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Control of iron deficiency anemia in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"121","author":"Pasricha","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"373","author":"Hotez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"776","article-title":"Impact of hookworm infection and deworming on anaemia in non\u2010pregnant populations: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"68","article-title":"Worker productivity and the nutritional status of Kenyan road construction laborers","volume":"36","author":"Wolgemuth","year":"1982"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"449","article-title":"Intestinal helminth infections, anaemia and labour productivity of female tea pluckers in Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"Gilgen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Nutr","first-page":"604S","article-title":"An analysis of anemia and pregnancy-related maternal mortality","volume":"131","author":"Brabin","year":"2001"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"74","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Karagiannis-Voules","year":"2015"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1972"},{"year":"2017","author":"Anon","key":"b26"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"792","article-title":"Epidemiology of hookworm infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: patterns of malaria coinfection, anemia, and albendazole treatment failure","volume":"84","author":"Humphries","year":"2011"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Med Sci Sports","first-page":"182","article-title":"Reliability and interrelationships between maximal oxygen intake, physical work capacity and step-test scores in college women","volume":"4","author":"McArdle","year":"1972"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"332","article-title":"Use of heart rate to predict energy expenditure from low to high activity levels","volume":"24","author":"Hiilloskorpi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Validation of heart rate monitor-based predictions of oxygen uptake and energy expenditure","volume":"23","author":"Montgomery","year":"2009"},{"year":"2017","author":"Anon","key":"b31"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"776","article-title":"Impact of hookworm infection and deworming on anaemia in non\u2010pregnant populations: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"299","author":"Keiser","year":"2008"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e948","article-title":"Assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in school children in seven countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic","volume":"5","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2011"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Matern Child Nutr","first-page":"118","article-title":"A review and meta\u2010analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition","volume":"4","author":"Hall","year":"2008"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e4030","article-title":"An insight into the relationships between hepcidin, anemia, infections and inflammatory cytokines in pediatric refugees: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Cherian","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/5\/article-p1419.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/5\/article-p1419.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/5\/article-p1419.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T17:05:53Z","timestamp":1722445553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/5\/article-p1419.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]}}}