{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:05:30Z","timestamp":1765807530723},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This descriptive 4-year study reports the proportion of detection of influenza viruses in less than 5-year-old children hospitalized for pneumonia in eight developing and emerging countries and describes clinical and microbiological characteristics of influenza-related pneumonia cases. Hospitalized children presenting radiologically confirmed pneumonia aged 2\u201360 months were prospectively enrolled in this observational standardized study. Mean proportion of isolated influenza virus was 9.7% (95% confidence interval: 7.9\u201311.8%) among 888 pneumonia children analyzed, with moderate heterogeneity between countries\u2014ranging from 6.2% in Cambodia to 18.8% in Haiti. The clinical characteristics of children with influenza-related pneumonia were not substantially different from those of other pneumonia cases. Influenza A H1N1-related pneumonia cases appeared as more severe than pneumonia cases related to other strains of influenza. <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was detected more often in blood samples from influenza-related cases than in those without detected influenza viruses (19.7% versus 9.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018). Influenza-related pneumonia is frequent among children less than 5 years old with pneumonia, living in developing and emerging countries. Influenza might be a frequent etiologic agent responsible for pneumonia or a predisposing status factor for pneumococcal-related pneumonia in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T07:00:20Z","timestamp":1523948420000},"page":"1805-1810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Burden of Influenza in Less Than 5-Year-Old Children Admitted to Hospital with Pneumonia in Developing and Emerging Countries: A Descriptive, Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Dananch\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Infection Control and Epidemiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"S\u00e1nchez Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"B\u00e9net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Infection Control and Epidemiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lina","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM 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Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"Russomando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Health, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Komurian-Pradel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Endtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucia","family":"Paranhos-Baccal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Vanhems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Infection Control and Epidemiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation M\u00e9rieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, 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