{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:05:34Z","timestamp":1785344734566,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization\u2019s Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) has reduced LF transmission worldwide, but millions remain affected by filarial lymphedema. Tools for clinically monitoring lymphedema in developing nations are limited. We tested a novel, portable, infrared three-dimensional imaging system (3DIS) against water displacement (WD) and tape measurement of limb circumference (TMLC) among patients with filarial leg lymphedema in Galle, Sri Lanka. Outcomes were accuracy and reproducibility of imaging system measurements. In parallel, we also tested the reproducibility of skin thickness ultrasound (STU) measurements. We examined 52 patients (104 limbs) with lymphedema of stages 0\u20136 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 28, 19, 20, 21, 2, 4, and 10, respectively). 3DIS measurements correlated nearly perfectly with WD (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.9945) and TMLC values (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> &gt; 0.9801). The median time required to acquire imaging system measurements for both legs was 2.1 minutes, compared with 17, 7, and 29 minutes, respectively, for WD, TMLC, and STU. Median interexaminer coefficients of variation (CVs) for volume measurements were 1.1% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.5\u20132.1%) for WD and 1.7% (IQR 1.2\u20132.4%) for the 3DIS. CVs for circumference measurements were 1.4% (IQR 0.8\u20132.4%) by TMLC and 1.3% (0.8\u20131.9%) by 3DIS. Median interexaminer CV for STU was 13.7% (IQR 8.5\u201321.3%). The portable imaging system noninvasively provided accurate and reproducible limb volume and circumference measurements in approximately 2 minutes per patient. This portable technology has the potential to greatly improve assessment and monitoring of lymphedema in the clinic and in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T07:00:46Z","timestamp":1508223646000},"page":"1836-1842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Use of a Novel Portable Three-Dimensional Imaging System to Measure Limb Volume and Circumference in Patients with Filarial Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Channa","family":"Yahathugoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Filariasis Research Training and Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LymphaTech, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalindi","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Filariasis Research Training and Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Brandon","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirani V.","family":"Weerasooriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Filariasis Research Training and Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Budge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"489","article-title":"489 Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2014","volume":"90","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3319","article-title":"Progress and impact of 13 years of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis on reducing the burden of filarial disease","volume":"8","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","author":"Dreyer","year":"2002"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Springerplus","first-page":"707","article-title":"Limb volume measurements: comparison of accuracy and decisive parameters of the most used present methods","volume":"4","author":"Chromy","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"464","article-title":"Lymphedema: a comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Warren","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lymphology","first-page":"56","article-title":"Measuring and representing peripheral oedema and its alterations","volume":"27","author":"Casley-Smith","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Lymphology","first-page":"57","article-title":"Limb circumference measurement for recording edema volume in patients with filarial lymphedema","volume":"28","author":"Pani","year":"1995"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"621","article-title":"Doxycycline improves filarial lymphedema independent of active filarial infection: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Mand","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Lymphology","first-page":"77","article-title":"Validation of an optoelectronic limb volumeter (Perometer)","volume":"30","author":"Stanton","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"241","article-title":"3D stereophotogrammetry in upper-extremity lymphedema: an accurate diagnostic method","volume":"69","author":"Hameeteman","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Lymphat Res Biol","first-page":"267","article-title":"Three-dimensional camera system for measuring arm volume in women with lymphedema following breast cancer treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ohberg","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12","first-page":"64","author":"Lu","year":"2013"},{"key":"b13","first-page":"228","author":"Moreira","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","author":"WHO ECoF","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/6\/article-p1836.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/6\/article-p1836.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/6\/article-p1836.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T16:58:13Z","timestamp":1722445093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/6\/article-p1836.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]}}}