{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:43:54Z","timestamp":1792464234139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> is the vector of at least seven human pathogens in Minnesota, two of which are known to cause Lyme disease (<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> sensu stricto and <jats:italic>Borrelia mayonii<\/jats:italic>). In Minnesota, the statewide incidence of Lyme disease and other <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\u2013borne diseases and the geographic extent over which cases have been reported have both increased substantially over the last two decades. These changes correspond with an expanding distribution of <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> over a similar time frame. Because the risk of exposure to <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\u2013borne pathogens is likely related to the number of ticks encountered, we developed an acarological risk model predicting the density of host-seeking <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> nymphs (DON) in Minnesota. The model was informed by sampling 81 sites located in 42 counties in Minnesota. Two main foci were predicted by the model to support elevated densities of host-seeking <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> nymphs, which included the seven-county Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area and counties in northern Minnesota, including Lake of the Woods and Koochiching counties. There was substantial heterogeneity observed in predicted DON across the state at the county scale; however, counties classified as high risk for <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\u2013borne diseases and counties with known established populations of <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> had the highest proportion of the county predicted as suitable for host-seeking nymphs (\u2265 0.13 nymphs\/100 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The model provides insight into areas of potential <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> population expansion and identifies focal areas of predicted suitable habitat within counties where the incidence of <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\u2013borne diseases has been historically low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T07:00:46Z","timestamp":1523343646000},"page":"1671-1682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Acarological Risk Model Predicting the Density and Distribution of Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis Nymphs in Minnesota"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Tammi L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Boegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Delorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna K. H.","family":"Bjork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Dorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Neitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"187","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme disease","volume":"29","author":"Mead","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"556","article-title":"Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study","volume":"16","author":"Pritt","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"349","article-title":"County-scale distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in 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