{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:27:02Z","timestamp":1772724422837,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute conjunctivitis follows a seasonal pattern. Although its clinical course is typically self-limited, conjunctivitis epidemics incur a substantial economic burden because of missed school and work days. This study investigated seasonal and temporal trends of childhood conjunctivitis in the entire country of Burkina Faso from 2013 to 2016, using routine monthly surveillance from 2,444 government health facilities. A total of 783,314 cases were reported over the 4-year period. Conjunctivitis followed a seasonal pattern throughout the country, with a peak in April. A nationwide conjunctivitis outbreak with a peak in September 2016 was noted (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with an excess number of cases first detected in June 2016. Nationwide passive surveillance was able to detect an epidemic 3 months before its peak, which may aide in allocation of resources for containment and mitigation of transmission in future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1526367659000},"page":"229-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Seasonal and Temporal Trends in Childhood Conjunctivitis in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Si\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdramane","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ourohir\u00e9","family":"Millogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Zongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Information System, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Lebas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"B\u00e4rnighausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chodosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Deiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Surveillance tools emerging from search engines and social media data for determining eye disease patterns","volume":"134","author":"Deiner","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","first-page":"1119","article-title":"The epidemiology of conjunctivitis in United States emergency departments: a population-based study","volume":"135","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"910","article-title":"Clinical age-specific seasonal conjunctivitis patterns and their online detection in twitter, blog, forum, and comment social media posts","volume":"59","author":"Deiner","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"1661","article-title":"Virology and epidemiology analyses of global adenovirus-associated conjunctivitis outbreaks, 1953\u20132013","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2016"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjuctivitis: investigation of a large-scale community outbreak in Dade County, Florida","volume":"249","author":"Patriarca","year":"1983"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"637","article-title":"Adenovirus-associated epidemic keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks\u2014four states, 2008\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"727","article-title":"Editorial: acute hemmorhagic conjunctivitis","volume":"230","author":"Dawson","year":"1974"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"267","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemmorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa: I. Studies with human sera from Ghana collected eight years after the first outbreak","volume":"114","author":"Minami","year":"1981"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Brit J Opthal","first-page":"628","article-title":"Unusual type of epidemic conjunctivitis","volume":"54","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1970"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica","first-page":"137","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil, 2011","volume":"39","author":"Medina","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"3087","article-title":"Epidemic outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 in Thailand, 2014","volume":"143","author":"Chansaenroj","year":"2015"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"BMC Ophthalmol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimate of the direct and indirect annual cost of bacterial conjunctivitis in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"38","article-title":"A polymerase chain reaction-based algorithm to detect and prevent transmission of adenoviral conjunctivitis in hospital employees","volume":"163","author":"Kuo","year":"2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Determination of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis variation using internet search engine data","volume":"25","author":"Imonikhe","year":"2011"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Glob Health Action","first-page":"32","article-title":"Weather and mortality: a 10 year retrospective analysis of the Nouna health and demographic surveillance system, Burkina Faso","volume":"5","author":"Diboulo","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"23858","article-title":"Ambient air pollution, weather changes, and outpatient visits for allergic conjunctivitis: a retrospective registry study","volume":"6","author":"Hong","year":"2016"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"296","article-title":"Infectious diseases in Malian and Syrian conflicts","volume":"13","author":"Burki","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/1\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/1\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/1\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T18:21:55Z","timestamp":1722450115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/1\/article-p229.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0642","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]}}}