{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T14:44:12Z","timestamp":1758120252508},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the foremost barriers in the control of this disease, as demonstration of the parasite by splenic\/bone marrow aspiration is relatively difficult and requires expertise and laboratory support. The aim of the present study was to find a noninvasive diagnostic approach using the existing recombinant kinesine-39 (rK-39) immunochromatographic nitrocellulose strips test (ICT) with a human sweat specimen for the diagnosis of VL. The investigation was carried out on specimens (blood, sweat, and urine) collected from 58 confirmed VL, 50 confirmed post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), 36 healthy control, and 35 patients from other diseases. The data obtained from this study reveal that 96.6% clinically confirmed active VL participants were found to be positive when tested against a sweat specimen. Interestingly, the scenario was similar when tested against a blood specimen (96.6% positive by rK-39). Moreover, a test of both sweats and blood specimens from 50 PKDL participants resulted in 100% positivity, whereas no healthy control participants were found to be rK-39 positive. The sensitivity of the rK-39 ICT in sweat specimen was 94.7%, whereas the specificity was 100% in healthy controls from endemic, nonendemic, and other infectious diseases, respectively. No difference was observed in sweat specimen of VL and PKDL cases which signifies its reliability. However, further evaluation of this method on a larger scale could enhance the reliability of the proposed model so that it could be used efficiently in VL management and eradication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T07:01:03Z","timestamp":1536649263000},"page":"1162-1164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Noninvasive Sweat-Based Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Roshan Kamal","family":"Topno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and VD, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manas Ranjan","family":"Dikhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Major","family":"Madhukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. N. R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maneesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bipin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanhaiya","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niyamat Ali","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganesh Chandra","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishikesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA institute for Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Disease (ICMR), Agra, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis","first-page":"87","article-title":"A comparative study of serum, urine and saliva using rk39 strip for the diagnosis of 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