{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T09:28:31Z","timestamp":1780824511023,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies have shown that people suffering from food insecurity are at higher risk for infectious and noncommunicable diseases and have poorer health outcomes. No study, however, has examined the association between food insecurity and outcomes related to Ebola virus disease (EVD). We conducted a cross-sectional study in two Ebola-affected communities in Kono district, Sierra Leone, from November 2015 to September 2016. We enrolled persons who were determined to have been exposed to Ebola virus. We assessed the association of food insecurity, using an adapted version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, a nine-item scale well validated across Africa, with having been diagnosed with EVD and having died of EVD, using logistic regression models with cluster-adjusted standard errors. We interviewed 326 persons who were exposed to Ebola virus; 61 (19%) were diagnosed with EVD and 45\/61 (74%) died. We found high levels (87%) of food insecurity, but there was no association between food insecurity and having been diagnosed with EVD. Among EVD cases, those who were food insecure had 18.3 times the adjusted odds of death than those who were food secure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). This is the first study to demonstrate a potential relationship between food insecurity and having died of EVD, although larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T07:01:07Z","timestamp":1521529267000},"page":"1484-1488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Food Insecurity as a Risk Factor for Outcomes Related to Ebola Virus Disease in Kono District, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"J. Daniel","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene T.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Drasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Bailor","family":"Barrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahr","family":"Karku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Dierberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina P.","family":"Lindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone;"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri D.","family":"Weiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Health Hum Rights","first-page":"167","article-title":"Biosocial approaches to the 2013\u20132016 Ebola pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Richardson","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e254","article-title":"The Ebola suspect\u2019s dilemma","volume":"5","author":"Richardson","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","first-page":"77","article-title":"The symbolic violence of \u2018outbreak\u2019: a mixed methods, 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