{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:30:13Z","timestamp":1789594213335,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection of the brain with <jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic> larvae (neurocysticercosis) is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. Effective and sustainable strategies to control parasite transmission in rural endemic communities are needed to prevent the disease. Surveillance and targeted intervention around infected pigs (ring control strategy) have been shown to be effective when carried out by research teams. However, this strategy has not been implemented or tested as a community-based program. In this small trial in northern Peru, eight villages were randomly assigned to community-led surveillance and treatment (five villages, 997 residents) or control (three villages, 1,192 residents). In intervention villages, community-led surveillance and reporting were promoted by community health workers, radio advertisement, and school and household education. Each suspected pig infection was verified, with confirmed cases resulting in treatment with niclosamide for taeniasis and oxfendazole for pigs in clusters of homes nearby. No incentives beyond human and pig treatment were offered. Control villages received basic disease education but no treatment intervention in response to reports. Despite 14 case reports, community-based replication of ring control strategy did not replicate prior results. After 12 months, there was no change in seroincidence in intervention villages between the baseline and study end, and no difference compared with control villages. There was no difference in prevalence of taeniasis or porcine cysticercosis at study end. Community members described lack of knowledge as the main reason for not reporting infected pigs. Further exploration of methods to transfer ring strategy and other control interventions for cysticercosis to the community is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T07:00:20Z","timestamp":1523948420000},"page":"1748-1754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Barriers to Participation in a Community-Based Program to Control Transmission of Taenia solium in Peru"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Beam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University\u2014Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauralee","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University\u2014Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Atto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Percy","family":"Vilchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viterbo","family":"Ayvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando E.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector H.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth E.","family":"O\u2019Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University\u2014Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University\u2014Portland State University, Portland, Oregon;"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e870","article-title":"A systematic review of the frequency of neurocysticercosis with a focus on people with epilepsy","volume":"4","author":"Ndimubanzi","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1500","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: neglected but not forgotten","volume":"6","author":"Coyle","year":"2012"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Magnitude of the disease burden from neurocysticercosis in a developing country","volume":"29","author":"Bern","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"401","article-title":"Operational studies on the control of Taenia solium taeniasis\/cysticercosis in Ecuador","volume":"67","author":"Cruz","year":"1989"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"85","article-title":"Mass treatment against human taeniasis for the control of cysticercosis: a population-based intervention study","volume":"94","author":"Sarti","year":"2000"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Acta Leiden","first-page":"181","article-title":"A programme to control taeniasis-cysticercosis (T. solium): experiences in a Mexican village","volume":"57","author":"Keilbach","year":"1989"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"595","article-title":"Mass chemotherapy for intestinal Taenia solium infection: effect on prevalence in humans and pigs","volume":"91","author":"Allan","year":"1997"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"850","article-title":"Combined human and porcine mass chemotherapy for the control of T. solium","volume":"74","author":"Garcia","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"185","article-title":"Assessing the impact of a joint human-porcine intervention package for Taenia solium control: results of a pilot study from northern Lao PDR","volume":"159","author":"Okello","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3125","article-title":"Ring-screening to control endemic transmission of Taenia solium","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Neal","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"55","article-title":"Field trial for reducing porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in Mexico by systematic vaccination of pigs","volume":"69","author":"Molinari","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"515","article-title":"Elimination of Taenia solium transmission to pigs in a field trial of the TSOL18 vaccine in Cameroon","volume":"40","author":"Assana","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"261","article-title":"Successful immunization of naturally reared pigs against porcine cysticercosis with a recombinant oncosphere antigen vaccine","volume":"188","author":"Jayashi","year":"2012"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"241","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of community-led total sanitation for the control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Katete district of Zambia","volume":"207","author":"Bulaya","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"119","article-title":"Improving meat inspection and control in resource-poor communities: the Nepal example","volume":"87","author":"Joshi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"127","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a health education intervention against Taenia solium in a rural community in Mexico","volume":"56","author":"Sarti","year":"1997"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Int J Health Promot Educ","first-page":"24","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a health-promotion strategy for control of Taenia solium infections in northern Tanzania","volume":"47","author":"Ngowi","year":"2009"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"52","article-title":"A health-education intervention trial to reduce porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"85","author":"Ngowi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"634","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of teaching methods regarding prevention of human epilepsy caused by Taenia solium neurocysticercosis in western Kenya","volume":"82","author":"Wohlgemut","year":"2010"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Salud Publica Mex","first-page":"259","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of a control program against taeniasis-cysticercosis (Taenia solium)","volume":"56","author":"de Aluja","year":"2014"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0118541","article-title":"A school based cluster randomised health education intervention trial for improving knowledge and attitudes related to Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in Mbulu district, northern Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"Mwidunda","year":"2015"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"570","article-title":"Detection of Taenia solium taeniasis coproantigen is an early indicator of treatment failure for taeniasis","volume":"19","author":"Bustos","year":"2012"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2335","article-title":"Elimination of Taenia solium transmission in northern Peru","volume":"374","author":"Garcia","year":"2016"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1830","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis: possible cross-reactivity of Taenia hydatigena to GP50 antigen in the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay","volume":"97","author":"Muro","year":"2017"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"433","article-title":"Development of a species-specific coproantigen ELISA for human Taenia solium taeniasis","volume":"81","author":"Guezala","year":"2009"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005282","article-title":"Assessing ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for porcine cysticercosis","volume":"11","author":"Flecker","year":"2017"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Biometrics","first-page":"120","article-title":"Akaike\u2019s information criterion in generalized estimating equations","volume":"57","author":"Pan","year":"2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput","first-page":"987","article-title":"Selection of working correlation structure and best model in GEE analyses of longitudinal data","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2007"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","first-page":"215","article-title":"Controlling parasites, understanding practices: the biosocial complexity of a one health intervention for neglected zoonotic helminths in northern Lao PDR","volume":"120","author":"Bardosh","year":"2014"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep","first-page":"181","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis control and elimination through community-based interventions","volume":"1","author":"Carabin","year":"2014"},{"key":"b32","author":"FAO","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/6\/article-p1748.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/6\/article-p1748.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/6\/article-p1748.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T17:29:10Z","timestamp":1722446950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/98\/6\/article-p1748.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0929","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]}}}