{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:30:55Z","timestamp":1780378255770,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) carry a high burden of infectious diseases associated with impaired gut integrity, leading to microbial translocation. Pregnancies in this setting are at high risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR). We examined the association among specific risk factors for impaired gut integrity (schistosomiasis, hookworm infection, and alcohol consumption), blood endotoxin levels, and FGR. Endotoxins, lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins (LBPs), and cytokines were measured in blood from women at 32 weeks gestation, the maternal\u2013fetal interface (MFI) at delivery, and cord blood at delivery. Resolution of schistosomiasis had no impact on endotoxin levels; however, maternal hookworm infection and alcohol consumption were associated with modest increases in endotoxin at the MFI. Cytokines responses within the maternal peripheral blood and blood from the MFI were positively associated with endotoxins, but many cord blood cytokines were negatively associated with endotoxins. Newborns with FGR also had higher levels of endotoxins at the MFI. Risk factors for microbial translocation may lead to increased levels of endotoxins at the MFI, which may contribute to poor growth in utero.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1530601419000},"page":"495-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Endotoxin at the Maternal\u2013Fetal Interface in a Resource-Constrained Setting: Risk Factors and Associated Birth Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Emily A.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remigio M.","family":"Olveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz P.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Tallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palmera I.","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Kurtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1747","article-title":"Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health 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