{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:42:34Z","timestamp":1765827754217},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dakshina Kannada district in the Southwestern region of Karnataka state, India, including Mangaluru city is endemic to malaria. About 80% of malaria infections in Mangaluru and its surrounding areas are caused by <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> and the remainder is due to <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Malaria-associated clinical complications significantly occur in this region. Here, we report the pathological conditions of 41 cases of fatal severe malaria, admitted to the district government hospital in Mangaluru city during January 2013 through December 2016. The results of clinical, hematological, and biochemical analyses showed that most of these severe malaria cases were associated with thrombocytopenia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, acute respiratory distress, and single or multi-organ dysfunction involving liver, kidney, and brain. Of the 41 fatal malaria cases, 24, 10, and seven patients had <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> mixed infections, respectively. These data suggest that besides <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> that is known to extensively cause severe and fatal malaria illnesses, <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> causes fatal illnesses substantially in this region, an observation that is consistent with recent findings in other regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1549522981000},"page":"275-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Malaria Severity in Mangaluru City in the Southwestern Coastal Region of India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Kiran K.","family":"Dayanand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Mangaluru, India;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Punnath","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Mangaluru, India;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valleesha","family":"Chandrashekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Mangaluru, India;"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwara N.","family":"Achur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanta K.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Control, National Institute of Malaria Research, Poojanahalli, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivas B.","family":"Kakkilaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Light House Polyclinic, Mangaluru, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suchetha N.","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Mangaluru, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyanarayan","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Control, National Institute of Malaria Research, Poojanahalli, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archith","family":"Boloor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwari","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenlock District Hospital, Mangaluru, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Channe","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"214","article-title":"The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"434","author":"Snow","year":"2005"},{"year":"2017","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2017","author":"WHO","key":"b2"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"353","article-title":"Mapping the global extent of malaria in 2005","volume":"22","author":"Guerra","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"680","article-title":"The economic and social burden of malaria","volume":"415","author":"Sachs","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"69","article-title":"Burden of malaria in India: retrospective and prospective view","volume":"77","author":"Kumar","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Biosci","first-page":"583","article-title":"Malaria in India: challenges and opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Dash","year":"2008"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Prospective study of one million deaths in India: rationale, design, and validation results","volume":"3","author":"Jha","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(Suppl 6)","key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"108","article-title":"Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax malaria in India","volume":"95","author":"Anvikar","year":"2016"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"267","article-title":"Malaria in India: the center for the study of complex malaria in India","volume":"121","author":"Das","year":"2012"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"228","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax in India","volume":"24","author":"Joshi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"165","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening","volume":"46","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Indian J Pediatr","first-page":"257","article-title":"Distribution of species of human malarial parasites in India","volume":"52","author":"Choudhury","year":"1985"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Crit Care","first-page":"315","article-title":"Clinical review: severe malaria","volume":"7","author":"Trampuz","year":"2003"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1878","article-title":"Malaria pathogenesis","volume":"264","author":"Miller","year":"1994"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"597","article-title":"Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria","volume":"20","author":"Mackintosh","year":"2004"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Cerebral involvement in benign tertian malaria","volume":"67","author":"Beg","year":"2002"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"194","article-title":"Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: a report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India","volume":"80","author":"Kochar","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"637","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax associated severe malaria complications among children in some malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Ketema","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"132","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"11","author":"Kochar","year":"2005"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"144","article-title":"Severe disease in children hospitalized with a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax in south-eastern Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Shaikh","year":"2012"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Clin Diagn Res","first-page":"1964","article-title":"The unusual presentation of a usual organism\u2013the changing spectrum of the clinical manifestations of Plasmodium vivax malaria in children: a retrospective study","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2013"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"686348","article-title":"Unusual presentation of vivax malaria with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, renal disturbance, and melena: a report from Malang, a nonendemic area in Indonesia","volume":"2013","author":"Fitri","year":"2013"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax hospitalizations in a monoendemic malaria region: severe vivax malaria?","volume":"91","author":"Quispe","year":"2014"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"492","article-title":"Malaria prevalence in Mangaluru city area in the southwestern coastal region of India","volume":"16","author":"Dayanand","year":"2017"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Severe falciparum malaria. 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