{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1770529235800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Provision of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in health-care facilities is gaining increased attention, given growing acceptance of its importance to the maternal and newborn quality of care agenda and the universal health coverage framework. Adopting and contextualizing an emerging World Health Organization\/United Nations Children\u2019s Fund Joint Program Monitoring service ladder approach to national data collected in 2010\/2011, we estimated the national coverage of primary health centers (PHCs) (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 8,831), auxiliary PHCs (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 22,853), village health posts (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 28,692), and village maternity clinics (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 14,396) with basic WASH services in Indonesia as part of a Sustainable Development Goal baseline assessment. One quarter of PHCs did not have access to a combination of basic water and sanitation (WatSan) services (23.6%) with significant regional variation (10.6\u201359.8%), whereas more than two-third of PHCs (72.0%) lacked handwashing facility with soap in all three locations (general consulting room, immunization room, and delivery room). More than a half of the three lower health service level facility types lacked basic WatSan services. National health facility monitoring systems need to be urgently strengthened for tracking the progress and addressing gaps in basic WASH services in health facilities in Indonesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1529996459000},"page":"546-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Services in Public Health-Care Facilities in Indonesia: Adoption of World Health Organization\/United Nations Children\u2019s Fund Service Ladders to National Data Sets for a Sustainable Development Goal Baseline Assessment"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Mitsunori","family":"Odagiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation (WASH) Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Cahyorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadijah","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidan A.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation (WASH) Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulian","family":"Gressando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation (WASH) Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indah","family":"Hidayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Widya","family":"Utami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Widowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airin","family":"Roshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rooswanti","family":"Soeharno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Section, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonny P.","family":"Warouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Ardhiantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Nutrition Unit, National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","author":"WHO\/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1001771","article-title":"From joint thinking to joint action: a call to action on improving water, sanitation, and hygiene for maternal and newborn health","volume":"11","author":"Velleman","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"b4","author":"Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik\u2014BPS), National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), and Kementerian Kesehatan, (Kemenkes\u2014MOH), and ICF International","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"189","article-title":"Every newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival","volume":"384","author":"Lawn","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6","author":"RISKESDAS","year":"2007"},{"key":"b7","author":"RISKESDAS","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect","volume":"11","author":"Blencowe","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9","author":"UNICEF and 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Zanzibar maternity units","volume":"32","author":"Gon","year":"2017"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"2392","article-title":"Environmental factors and WASH practices in the perinatal period in Cambodia: implications for newborn health","volume":"12","author":"Bazzano","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","author":"UNICEF, WHO, WaterAid","year":"2014"},{"key":"b17","author":"WaterAid","year":"2015"},{"key":"b18","author":"WHO\/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme","year":"2016"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"228","article-title":"Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Allegranzi","year":"2011"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Water Sanit Hyg Dev","first-page":"474","article-title":"Availability and satisfactoriness of latrines and hand washing stations in health facilities, and role in health seeking behavior of women: evidence from rural Pune district, India","volume":"5","author":"Steinmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0171783","article-title":"A long way to go\u2014estimates of combined water, sanitation and hygiene coverage for 25 sub-Saharan African countries","volume":"12","author":"Roche","year":"2017"},{"key":"b22","author":"UNICEF, Indonesia","year":"2016"},{"key":"b23","author":"WHO\/UNICEF WASH in HCFs","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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