{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:22:06Z","timestamp":1790169726877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"abstract":"In rural areas in Morocco, diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be challenging. We evaluated the accuracy of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) based on antigen detection, CL Detect Rapid Test\u2122<\/jats:sup> (Inbios International Inc., Seattle, WA), in this setting. We consecutively recruited patients with new skin ulcers in nine primary health centers. We took a dental broach sample for the RDT and two other tissue samples by scraping the border and center of the lesion with a scalpel and smearing it on a slide. We duplicated each smear by pressing a clean slide against it and processed the slides by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) internal transcribed spacer 1, and kDNA minicircle PCR. In a subgroup with positive PCR, the Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species was identified using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR-sequencing of hsp70<\/jats:italic> genes. A participant with positive microscopy and\/or PCR was considered a confirmed CL case. We computed sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the RDT compared with this reference standard (ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> registration: NCT02979002). Between December 2016 and July 2017, we included 219 patients, 50% of them were under 18 years old. Rapid diagnostic test Se was 68% [95% confidence interval (CI): 61\u201374], Sp 94% [95% CI: 91\u201397], positive predictive value 95% [95% CI: 92\u201398], and negative predictive value 64% [95% CI: 58\u201370]. Despite its low Se, this novel RDT is a useful addition to clinical management of CL in Morocco, especially in isolated localities. Rapid diagnostic test\u2013positive lesions can be treated as CL; but when RDT negative, microscopy should be done in a second step. The Se of the RDT can probably be optimized by improving the sampling procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T07:00:23Z","timestamp":1531206023000},"page":"716-722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Accuracy of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Based on Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients with Suggestive Skin Lesions in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Issam","family":"Bennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco;"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristien","family":"Verdonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"el Khalfaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco;"},{"name":"Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Riyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco;"},{"name":"Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajiba","family":"Fellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Parasitology Department, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Dujardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sahibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Hassan II Agronomy, and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souad","family":"Bouhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Parasitic Diseases, Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Van der Auwera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Parasite","first-page":"14","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review","volume":"21","author":"Aoun","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Parasit 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Exot","first-page":"376","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ouazzane and Sidi Kacem provinces, Morocco (1997\u20132012)","volume":"109","author":"El Miri","year":"2016"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003936","article-title":"Quantification of Leishmania (Viannia) kinetoplast DNA in ulcers of cutaneous leishmaniasis reveals inter-site and inter-sampling variability in parasite load","volume":"9","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2015"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Microbiol Methods","first-page":"295","article-title":"Rapid differentiation of old world Leishmania species by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis","volume":"51","author":"Nicolas","year":"2002"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e012799","article-title":"STARD 2015 guidelines for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"2016"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"PLoS 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