{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:25:22Z","timestamp":1789647922567,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Onchocerciasis is a neglected parasitic disease targeted for elimination. Current World Health Organization guidelines for elimination include monitoring antibody responses to the recombinant <jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic> antigen OV-16 in children to demonstrate the absence of transmission. We report the performance characteristics of a modified OV-16 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and describe anti\u2013OV-16 responses in serum samples from laboratory-inoculated nonhuman primates (NHPs) in relation to microfilariae (mf) in skin snip biopsies. This OV-16 IgG4 ELISA had sensitivity and specificity of 88.2% and 99.7%, respectively, as determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis using a serum panel of 110 positive and 287 negative samples from people infected with other filariae or other parasitic infections. Anti\u2013OV-16 responses in inoculated NHP (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 9) were evaluated at quarterly intervals for IgM and the four IgG subclasses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a well-defined IgG4 reactivity pattern and moderate IgG1 antibody responses. Meanwhile, the reactivity by IgG2, IgG3, or IgM did not show a clear pattern. Temporal evolution of IgG4 reactivity was evaluated through monthly testing, showing that NHPs developed anti\u2013OV-16 IgG4 on average at 15 months postinoculation (range: 10\u201318 months). The average time to detectable mf was also 15 months (range: 11\u201325). The OV-16 ELISA used in this study was robust and allowed the detection of IgG4 responses, which were observed only among animals with detectable mf (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 5), four of which showed declines in antibody responses once mf cleared. These findings also confirmed that the most informative antibody subclass responses to OV-16 are IgG4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T07:00:49Z","timestamp":1533020449000},"page":"1041-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of an OV-16 IgG4 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Humans and Its Application to Determine the Dynamics of Antibody Responses in a Non-Human Primate Model of Onchocerca volvulus Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Vitaliano A.","family":"Cama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Circe","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Arcury-Quandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Eberhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Harley","family":"Jenks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindew M.","family":"Feleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Abanyie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakwo","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Control Division, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Cantey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"501","article-title":"Progress towards eliminating onchocerciasis in 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