{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:47:32Z","timestamp":1790380052907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis due to <jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic> was treated with the combination of miltefosine (150 mg\/day for 28 days) plus intralesional pentamidine (120 \u03bcg\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> lesion area on days 1, 3, and 5). Ninety-two per cent of 50 patients cured. Comparison to historic controls at our site suggests that the efficacy of the two drugs was additive. Adverse effects and cost were also additive. This combination may be attractive when a prime consideration is efficacy (e.g., in rescue therapy), avoidance of parenteral therapy, or the desire to treat locally and also provide systemic protection against parasite dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T07:00:43Z","timestamp":1537858843000},"page":"1153-1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Miltefosine Combined with Intralesional Pentamidine for Leishmania braziliensis Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bolivia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FUNDERMA (Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Dermatolog\u00eda), Santa Cruz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FUNDERMA (Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Dermatolog\u00eda), Santa Cruz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ajata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Departamental de Salud, Departamento de La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Dermatol\u00f3gico de Jorochito, Santa Cruz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Departamental de Salud, Departamento de La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Tintaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Departamental de Salud, Departamento de La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AB Foundation, North Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"24","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"96","author":"Aronson","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"852","article-title":"Intralesional pentamidine: a novel therapy for single lesions of Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"94","author":"Soto","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Intralesional antimony for single lesions of bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Soto","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4","author":"Miltefosine Product Label"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Successful treatment of Colombian cutaneous leishmaniasis with four injections of pentamidine","volume":"50","author":"Soto","year":"1994"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"133","article-title":"Comparison of meglumine antimoniate and pentamidine for peruvian cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"72","author":"Andersen","year":"2005"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0186117","article-title":"Efficacy of azole therapy for tegumentary leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2017"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Miltefosine for new world cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"38","author":"Soto","year":"2004"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"838","article-title":"Low dose systemic or intralesional meglumine antimoniate treatment for American tegumentary leishmaniasis results in low lethality, low incidence of relapse, and low late mucosal involvement in a referral centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2001\u20132013)","volume":"112","author":"Brahim","year":"2017"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Oral pentoxifylline associated with pentavalent antimony: a randomized trial for cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"96","author":"Brito","year":"2017"},{"key":"b11","author":"National Institutes of Health"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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