{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:14:01Z","timestamp":1722471241247},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The complex relationship between malnutrition and malaria affects morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years, particularly in parts of sub-Saharan Africa where these conditions occur together seasonally. Previous research on this relationship has been inconclusive. Here, we examine the association between anthropometric indicators and malaria infection in a population-based sample of children younger than 5 years in Niger. This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial comparing treatment strategies for trachoma in Niger. We included children aged 6\u201360 months residing in the 48 communities enrolled in the trial who completed anthropometric and malaria infection assessments at the final study visit. We evaluated the association between anthropometric indicators, including height-for-age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score (HAZ) and weight-for-age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score (WAZ) and indicators of malaria infection, including malaria parasitemia and clinical malaria. In May 2013, we collected data from 1,649 children. Of these, 780 (47.3%) were positive for malaria parasitemia and 401 (24.3%) had clinical malaria. In models of malaria parasitemia, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00\u20131.10) for HAZ and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.15) for WAZ. In models of clinical malaria, the aOR was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02\u20131.11) for HAZ and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01\u20131.19) for WAZ. Overall, we did not find evidence of an association between most anthropometric indicators and malaria infection. Greater height may be associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1531810827000},"page":"665-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anthropometry and Malaria among Children in Niger: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kieran S.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdou","family":"Amza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Kadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baido","family":"Nassirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Y.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Stoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila K.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Global Child Mortality Collaborators GBD","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"427","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Murray","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"587","article-title":"Malaria and malnutrition: Niger\u2019s twin crises","volume":"382","author":"Burki","year":"2013"},{"year":"2013","author":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","key":"b5"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"346","article-title":"Association between anthropometry-based nutritional status and malaria: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"464S","article-title":"Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview","volume":"66","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e68699","article-title":"Infections in children admitted with complicated severe acute malnutrition in Niger","volume":"8","author":"Page","year":"2013"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"78","article-title":"Increased risk for malaria in chronically malnourished children under 5 years of age in rural Gambia","volume":"48","author":"Deen","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"120","article-title":"How useful are anthropometric, clinical and dietary measurements of nutritional status as predictors of morbidity of young children in central Africa?","volume":"4","author":"Tonglet","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"QJM","first-page":"751","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax: a cause of malnutrition in young children","volume":"90","author":"Williams","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"678","article-title":"Nutritional status of children admitted to hospital with different diseases and its relationship to outcome in the Gambia, west Africa","volume":"3","author":"Man","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"167","article-title":"Manifestation and outcome of severe malaria in children in northern Ghana","volume":"71","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2004"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"217","article-title":"Protein energy malnutrition and cerebral malaria in Nigerian children","volume":"43","author":"Olumese","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"431","article-title":"African children with malaria in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: features on admission to the hospital and risk factors for death","volume":"61","author":"Schellenberg","year":"1999"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"734","article-title":"Relation of anthropometry to malaria morbidity and immunity in Papua New Guinean children","volume":"68","author":"Genton","year":"1998"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"202","article-title":"Influence of wasting and stunting at the onset of the rainy season on subsequent malaria morbidity among rural preschool children in Senegal","volume":"80","author":"Fillol","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique","first-page":"111","article-title":"Malaria infection and nutritional status: results from a cohort survey of children from 6\u201359 months old in the Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo [in French]","volume":"61","author":"Mitangala","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003743","article-title":"The association between nutritional status and malaria in children from a rural community in the Amazonian region: a longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Alexandre","year":"2015"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","article-title":"Malaria and nutritional status among children with severe acute malnutrition in Niger: a prospective cohort study","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2018"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol","first-page":"20","article-title":"Design and baseline data of a randomized trial to evaluate coverage and frequency of mass treatment with azithromycin: the partnership for rapid elimination of trachoma (PRET) in Tanzania and the Gambia","volume":"18","author":"Stare","year":"2011"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1586","article-title":"Community risk factors for ocular Chlamydia infection in Niger: pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial","volume":"6","author":"Amza","year":"2012"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"743","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial to assess the efficacy of targeting trachoma treatment to children","volume":"64","author":"Amza","year":"2017"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"846","article-title":"Impact of mass azithromycin distribution on malaria parasitemia during the low-transmission season in Niger: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"90","author":"Gaynor","year":"2014"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"102","article-title":"A cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, maternal vitamin a or beta-carotene supplementation trial in Bangladesh: design and methods","volume":"12","author":"Labrique","year":"2011"},{"year":"2011","author":"Leroy","key":"b26"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"2494","article-title":"In vitro efficacy, resistance selection, and structural modeling studies implicate the malarial parasite apicoplast as the target of azithromycin","volume":"282","author":"Sidhu","year":"2007"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"2","article-title":"Azithromycin for malaria?","volume":"95","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2016"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"g2267","article-title":"The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"348","author":"Gough","year":"2014"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Azithromycin to reduce childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"378","author":"Keenan","year":"2018"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"881","article-title":"Effects of azithromycin on malariometric indices in the Gambia","volume":"346","author":"Sadiq","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"941","article-title":"Short-term malaria reduction by single-dose azithromycin during mass drug administration for trachoma, Tanzania","volume":"20","author":"Schachterle","year":"2014"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3128","article-title":"Does mass azithromycin distribution impact child growth and nutrition in Niger? A cluster-randomized trial","volume":"8","author":"Amza","year":"2014"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Anthropometric indices of Gambian children after one or three annual rounds of mass drug administration with azithromycin for trachoma control","volume":"14","author":"Burr","year":"2014"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","article-title":"Childhood mortality after mass distribution of azithromycin: a secondary analysis of the PRET cluster-randomized trial in Niger","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2018"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2171","article-title":"Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, 2000\u201315: a baseline analysis for the sustainable development goals","volume":"390","author":"Golding","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/3\/article-p665.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/3\/article-p665.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/3\/article-p665.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T19:48:47Z","timestamp":1722455327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/3\/article-p665.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]}}}