{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:52:08Z","timestamp":1793159528981,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Military recruits are at high risk of respiratory infections. However, limited data exist on military populations in tropical settings, where the epidemiology of respiratory infections differs substantially from temperate settings. We enrolled recruits undertaking a 10-week military training at two Royal Thai Army barracks between May 2014 and July 2015. We used a multiplex respiratory panel to analyze nose and throat swabs collected at the start and end of the training period, and from participants experiencing respiratory symptoms during follow-up. Paired sera were tested for influenza seroconversion using a hemagglutinin inhibition assay. Overall rates of upper respiratory illness and influenza-like illness were 3.1 and 2.0 episodes per 100 person-weeks, respectively. A pathogen was detected in 96% of samples. The most commonly detected microbes were <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> type B (62.7%) or non\u2013type B (58.2%) and rhinovirus (22.4%). At baseline, bacterial colonization was high and included <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> type B (82.3%), <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> non\u2013type B (31.5%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (14.6%), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (8.5%), and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (8.5%). At the end of follow-up, colonization with <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> non\u2013type B had increased to 74.1%, and <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> to 33.6%. In the serology subset, the rate of influenza infection was 3.4 per 100 person-months; 58% of influenza infections resulted in clinical disease. Our study provides key data on the epidemiology and transmission of respiratory pathogens in tropical settings. Our results emphasize the need for improved infection prevention and control in military environments, given the high burden of illness and potential for intense transmission of respiratory pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T07:01:34Z","timestamp":1536130894000},"page":"1089-1095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology and Transmission of Respiratory Infections in Thai Army Recruits: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Clarence C.","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore;"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn B.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Offeddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alden","family":"Weg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Macareo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damon W.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Rangsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Kyu","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriluck","family":"Simasathien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol","first-page":"76","article-title":"Respiratory tract infections in the military environment","volume":"209","author":"Korzeniewski","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol","first-page":"118","article-title":"Environmental factors, immune changes and respiratory diseases in troops during military activities","volume":"187","author":"Korzeniewski","year":"2013"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1383","article-title":"2009 influenza A(H1N1) seroconversion rates and risk factors among distinct adult cohorts in Singapore","volume":"303","author":"Chen","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Transl 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