{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:29:01Z","timestamp":1762867741797},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The PackH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O water backpack carrier was developed to provide safe storage and relieve stress of head-loading during water transport with traditional containers such as buckets and jerry cans. We conducted an evaluation to assess both self-reported and observed use over a 6-month period between November 2014 and May 2015. A total of 866 packs were distributed to 618 households in six communities in rural Haiti, and 431 and 441 households were surveyed at midline and end line, respectively. We performed linear regression to assess change of self-reported use over time. Although 79.3% of respondents reported continued use of the 20-L pack after 6 months, other measures of self-reported use were low, with only 16.8% reporting to have used the pack the last time they collected water and 10.3% preferring the pack over other water collection containers. In addition, only 10.2% of all people collecting water at community sources were observed using packs and 12.0% of all households surveyed had water in the pack at the time of visit. Pack use varied by community and demographics. Although women were targeted during distribution, men preferred the pack and were more commonly observed using it at the community water sources. In conclusion, the use of the PackH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O was not widely adopted in rural Haiti; however, further research is needed to assess the pack acceptance in areas where back-loading is more common and in emergency settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T07:00:53Z","timestamp":1551769253000},"page":"981-987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alternative Water Transport and Storage Containers: Assessing Sustained Use of the PackH2O in Rural Haiti"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Martinsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Hulland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raina","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Allain","family":"Darius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Haiti Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Felker-Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Habitat for Humanity International, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Habitat for Humanity International, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mortenson Center in Global Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Quick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Disease, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Handzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2011","series-title":"Drinking Water Equity, Safety and Sustainability: Thematic Report on Drinking Water 2011","author":"World Health Organization\/United Nations Children\u2019s Fund","key":"b1"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Environ Health","first-page":"52","article-title":"Domestic water carrying and its implications for health: a review and mixed methods pilot study in Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Geere","year":"2010"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS 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reference to women and children in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"88","author":"Porter","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Appl Ergon","first-page":"522","article-title":"Subjective perceptions of load carriage on the head and back in Xhosa women","volume":"41","author":"Lloyd","year":"2010"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"A Life Changing Water Backpack. 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