{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:28:19Z","timestamp":1776904099001,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>B-cells have a spectrum of functions ranging from antibody production to antigen presentation and have additional vital roles in immune mechanisms. There is rudimentary knowledge about the role of B-cells in intracellular infections with contradictory findings. We explored the role of B-cell dysfunctions in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) pathogenesis in terms of the phenotypic and functional properties of B-cells during the course of disease. This study was performed on blood and splenic aspirates (SA) of VL cases pre- and post-treatment. Whole blood was used for flow cytometric studies for determining the profiles of B-cells at different time-points of treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for magnetic purification of B-cells, for transcriptional studies by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum\/plasma was used for direct agglutination test for determining parasite-specific antibodies and SA were used for scoring the presence of parasite by microscopic examination. Flow cytometric studies depicted decreased B-cell percentages during the entire course of disease and attainment of exhaustive phenotype with tissue-like memory cell markers, indicative of B-cell dysfunctions in VL. In addition, B-cells had compromised abilities of antigen processing and presentation and altered levels of B-lymphocyte\u2013induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). Blimp-1 expression goes hand in hand with B-cell maturation antigen and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator (TACI) and cyclophilin ligand interactor, suggestive of its role in promoting plasma cell survival and antibody production. Elevated level of VL-specific antibody titre was directly correlated with exhausted phenotype and also with disease severity during VL. This study indicated for impaired B-cell functions during chronic infection which may lead to pathological consequences in human VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T07:01:59Z","timestamp":1550559719000},"page":"816-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Abnormal B-Cell Subset and Blimp-1\u2013Mediated Humoral Responses Associated With Visceral Leishmaniasis Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Bhawana","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Om Prakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neetu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddharth Sankar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","first-page":"318","article-title":"Serological investigations on Indian 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