{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:34:43Z","timestamp":1782369283061,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> is the main etiological agent of human strongyloidiasis. Severe strongyloidiasis is commonly associated to alcoholism, corticostereoid use, and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old boy coinfected with <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and HTLV-1, excreting several parasitic forms in the stool. The parasitological examination of his feces showed a large amount of filariform (about 3,000 larvae per gram of feces) and rhabditiform larvae (about 2,000 larvae per gram of feces). In addition, free-living adult females (about 50 parasites per gram of feces) and eggs (about 60 eggs per gram of feces) were detected. The main laboratory findings pointed to high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (228 UI\/mL) and eosinophila (11.6%). The patient was treated with three courses of ivermectin (200 \u00b5g\/kg twice, 2 weeks apart), achieving the parasitological cure. An increase of about 19 times in interleucin (IL)-17 level was observed following the parasitological cure, in addition to a decrease in the white blood cell, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, in which an <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> adult free-living female was described in human feces and where an increase in IL-17 levels after <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> treatment in a HTLV-1 coinfected individual was observed. This finding raises the need for further studies about IL-17 immunomodulation in <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and HTLV-1 coinfected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T07:00:26Z","timestamp":1538463626000},"page":"1583-1586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Joelma Nascimento","family":"De Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Nascimento Rocha Ribeiro","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Centro de Pesquisas Gon\u00e7alo Moniz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Leandro","family":"Goes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (LASP), Centro de Pesquisas Gon\u00e7alo Moniz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintia de Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Soares","family":"Jacobina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (CHTLV\/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noilson","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (CHTLV\/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia Cristina Aquino","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Galv\u00e3o-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (CHTLV\/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda Rios","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de Atendimento ao Portador de HTLV da, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (CHTLV\/EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neci Matos","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"263","article-title":"Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species","volume":"144","author":"Nutman","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lepr Rev","first-page":"58","article-title":"Recurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with 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given 2 weeks apart","volume":"8","author":"Zaha","year":"2002"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","first-page":"348","article-title":"Comparison of anthelmintic effects of two doses of ivermectin on intestinal strongyloidiasis in patients negative or positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibody","volume":"10","author":"Zaha","year":"2004"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Intern Med Tokyo Jpn","first-page":"83","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with cervical cancer","volume":"54","author":"Kinjo","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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