{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:21:55Z","timestamp":1778656915724,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Melioidosis has a high case fatality rate and is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Some authors recommended trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMX) prophylaxis for all hemodialysis (HD) patients during the wet season in melioidosis-endemic regions. Historical data were reviewed to determine if TMP\/SMX prophylaxis was warranted in the HD population of Far North Queensland, Australia. Between 1997 and 2017, there were 242 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis in the region, three (1.2%) occurred in HD patients; all survived without intensive care support. During the study period, there were 843 HD patients in the region with 3,024 cumulative patient years of risk. Even assuming 100% efficacy, it would have been necessary to prescribe TMP\/SMX for 1,008 patient years to prevent one case of melioidosis. Given the significant additional cost and potentially life-threatening side effects of TMP\/SMX therapy, clinicians should review the local epidemiology of melioidosis before the implementation of universal TMP\/SMX prophylaxis in their HD population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T07:00:30Z","timestamp":1531810830000},"page":"597-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Melioidosis in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in the Tropics? One Size Does Not Fit All"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Ken W. T.","family":"Chau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia;"},{"name":"James Cook University, Cairns, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Dheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia;"},{"name":"The Kirby Institute, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"383","article-title":"Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Nat Microbiol","first-page":"15008","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Kidney Int","first-page":"867","article-title":"Melioidosis and end-stage renal disease in tropical northern Australia","volume":"86","author":"Chalmers","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Kidney Int Rep","first-page":"160","article-title":"Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole reduces rates of melioidosis in high-risk hemodialysis patients","volume":"3","author":"Majoni","year":"2018"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop 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units","volume":"34","author":"Snyder","year":"2013"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"World J Nephrol","first-page":"489","article-title":"Bacteremia in hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2016"},{"key":"b15","author":"ANZDATA Registry","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Pill burden, adherence, hyperphosphatemia, and quality of life in maintenance dialysis patients","volume":"4","author":"Chiu","year":"2009"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Case report: fatal pediatric melioidosis despite optimal intensive care","volume":"97","author":"Young","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell Q Rep","first-page":"E318","article-title":"Children with melioidosis in Far North Queensland are commonly bacteraemic and have a high case fatality rate","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"2017"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"PLoS 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