{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:32:06Z","timestamp":1791415926260,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Occurrence of Chagas disease and arbovirus coinfections is unknown, despite the vast co-endemic areas throughout the Americas. This study examined the proportion of individuals positive for <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> and coinfections with dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Machala, Ecuador (January 2014\u2013December 2015). Chagas seropositivity was evaluated with five commercially available assays. Dengue infections were identified by nonstructural protein 1 rapid test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoglobulin M ELISA, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR); chikungunya and Zika infections were identified by RT-PCR. Of 658 individuals, six were positive for <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> (0.91%), including one <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\/dengue coinfection and one <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\/chikungunya\/dengue coinfection. The clinical manifestations of coinfected individuals corresponded to severe dengue and dengue with warning signs, respectively. We observed discrepant results by using the Hemagen Chagas kit and the rapid test Chagas Detect Plus (false positives: 3.9% and 15.4%), highlighting the need to assess diagnostic assays in geographic regions with distinct taxonomic units of <jats:italic>T. cruzi.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T07:01:14Z","timestamp":1540278074000},"page":"1530-1533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chagas Disease in Southern Coastal Ecuador: Coinfections with Arboviruses and a Comparison of Serological Assays for Chagas Disease Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Neida K.","family":"Mita-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Kenneson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Barbachano-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrain","family":"Beltran-Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Tecnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro Province, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthya","family":"Cueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Lupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yagahira E.","family":"Castro-Sesquen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Endy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Stewart-Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"85","article-title":"Innovative community-based vector control interventions for improved dengue and Chagas disease prevention in Latin America: introduction to the special issue","volume":"109","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004792","article-title":"Over six thousand Trypanosoma cruzi strains classified into discrete typing units (DTUs): attempt at an inventory","volume":"10","author":"Breni\u00e8re","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Chagas disease","volume":"375","author":"Rassi","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"West J Emerg Med","first-page":"671","article-title":"Dengue, zika and chikungunya: emerging arboviruses in the new 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Microbiol","first-page":"183","article-title":"Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever: implications for pathogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"690","article-title":"E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities are altered in lymphocytes of patients with indeterminate form of Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"61","author":"Souza","year":"2012"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Health in the Americas","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13","author":"PAHO WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"b14","author":"PAHO WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"b15","author":"Mitchell C. PAHO WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"387","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Ecuador. A brief review","volume":"94","author":"Aguilar","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"88","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi population dynamics in the Central Ecuadorian Coast","volume":"151","author":"Costales","year":"2015"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1444","article-title":"The burden of dengue fever and chikungunya in southern coastal Ecuador: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and phylogenetics from the first two years of a prospective study","volume":"98","author":"Stewart-Ibarra","year":"2018"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"229","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of tests based on Trypanosoma cruzi excreted\u2013secreted antigens in an endemic area for Chagas\u2019 disease in Bolivia","volume":"57","author":"Zarate-Blades","year":"2007"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2143","article-title":"Immunoblot assay using excreted-secreted antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in serodiagnosis of congenital, acute, and chronic Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"34","author":"Umezawa","year":"1996"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Household risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi seropositivity in two geographic regions of Ecuador","volume":"93","author":"Black","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1566","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease: is it time for a change?","volume":"54","author":"Abras","year":"2016"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005501","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic tests duo as alternative to conventional serological assays for conclusive Chagas disease diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Eg\u00fcez","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/6\/article-p1530.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/6\/article-p1530.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/6\/article-p1530.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T20:39:26Z","timestamp":1722458366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/99\/6\/article-p1530.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]}}}