{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T05:17:48Z","timestamp":1725599868280},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 reaction (T2R) or <jats:italic>erythema nodosum leprosum<\/jats:italic> (ENL), a sudden episode of acute inflammation predominantly affecting lepromatous leprosy patients (LL), characterized by a reduced cellular immune response. This possibly indicates a close relationship between the onset of T2R and the altered frequency, and functional activity of T lymphocytes, particularly of memory subsets. This study performed ex vivo and in vitro characterizations of T cell blood subpopulations from LL patients with or without T2R. In addition, the evaluation of activity of these subpopulations was performed by analyzing the frequency of these cells producing IFN-\u03b3, TNF, and IL-10 by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factors, for the differentiation of T cells, were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed an increased frequency of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/TNF<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> effector memory T cells (T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>) among T2Rs. Moreover, there was evidence of a reduced frequency of CD4 and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing cells in T2R, and a reduced expression of <jats:italic>STAT4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TBX21<\/jats:italic>. Finally, a significant and positive correlation between bacteriological index (BI) of T2R patients and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/TNF<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was observed. Thus, negative correlation between BI and the frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/IL-10<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was noted. These results suggest that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/TNF<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub> are primarily responsible for the transient alteration in the immune response to <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> in ENL patients. Thus, our study improves our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and might suggest new therapeutic approaches for leprosy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T07:17:44Z","timestamp":1547536664000},"page":"377-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Involvement of TNF-Producing CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells with Immunopathogenesis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Leprosy Patients"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Pedro Henrique L.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"},{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana N.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"},{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara A.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. C.","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euzenir N.","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuza","family":"Esquenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"501","article-title":"Global leprosy update, 2016: accelerating reduction of disease burden","volume":"92","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Dermatol","first-page":"26","article-title":"Clinical aspects of leprosy","volume":"33","author":"Talhari","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Future Microbiol","first-page":"533","article-title":"Leprosy susceptibility: genetic variations regulate innate and adaptive immunity, and disease outcome","volume":"6","author":"Cardoso","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis","first-page":"255","article-title":"Classification of leprosy according to immunity. 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