{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1785093526781,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We compared the impact of annual and semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) on the prevalence of <jats:italic>Brugia timori<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> in Flores Island. Two villages (Paga, <jats:italic>B. timori<\/jats:italic> only; Lewomada, co-endemic) received annual MDA with diethylcarbamazine\/albendazole and a larger village (Pruda, co-endemic) received semiannual MDA. Infection parameters (microfilariae [Mf], antibodies to recombinant filarial antigen BmR1 [Brugia Rapid (BR)], and a test for <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> antigenemia [immunochromatographic test (ICT)]) were assessed before and after treatment. The crude Mf prevalence in Pruda decreased after five semiannual treatments from 14.2% to 1.2%, whereas the Mf prevalence in the other two villages decreased after three annual treatments from 3.9% to 0% and from 5% to 0.3%, respectively. ICT positivity prevalence in Pruda and Lewomada decreased from 22.9% and 6.5% to 7% and 0.8%, respectively, whereas BR antibody prevalence in Pruda, Lewomada, and Paga decreased from 28.9%, 31.7%, and 12.5% to 3.6%, 4.1%, and 1.8%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that that Mf, BR, and ICT prevalence decreased significantly over time and that for the Mf and ICT outcomes the semiannual treatment had higher odds of positivity. Model-adjusted prevalence estimates revealed that apparent differences in treatment effectiveness were driven by differences in baseline prevalence and that adjusted prevalence declined more rapidly in the semiannual treatment group. We conclude that in this setting, annual MDA was sufficient to reduce Mf prevalence to less than 1% in areas with low to moderate baseline prevalence. Semiannual MDA was useful for rapidly reducing Mf prevalence in an area with higher baseline endemicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T07:00:41Z","timestamp":1545116441000},"page":"336-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparison of the Impact of Annual and Semiannual Mass Drug Administration on Lymphatic Filariasis Prevalence in Flores Island, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Taniawati","family":"Supali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenny","family":"Djuardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriani","family":"Lomiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sovie","family":"Nur Linda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Iskandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles W.","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Philip","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter U.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2449","article-title":"Indonesia: an emerging market economy beset by neglected tropical 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