{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:48:42Z","timestamp":1791535722715,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is an important but neglected zoonosis that causes serious economic losses both in livestock and human populations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the true prevalence of brucellosis together with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of three serological tests in humans of the northwestern part of Ecuador using a Bayesian approach adjusted for the dependencies among the multiple tests to avoid any misinterpretation. In addition, the causal agent responsible for human brucellosis was also identified. Using a total of 3,733 samples collected from humans in this area between 2006 and 2008, the prevalence of human brucellosis and the diagnostic test characteristics of the Rose Bengal fast agglutination test (RBT), Wright\u2019s slow agglutination test with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA) (SAT-EDTA), and indirect ELISA (iELISA) were estimated using a Bayesian approach. The estimated true prevalence of human brucellosis was 1% (credibility interval: 0.4\u20131.6). The sensitivities of iELISA and RBT were higher than and similar (95.1% and 95.0%, respectively) to those of SAT-EDTA (60.8%). Even though all tests indicated a high specificity (&gt; 99.0%), the specificity of SAT-EDTA was highest (99.9%). The circulating strain in this study area was identified to be <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> biotype 4 based on culture and microbiological characterization. The RBT and the iELISA are recommended for estimating the true prevalence of human brucellosis and\/or for surveillance programs following their high sensitivities and specificities. The proposed strategy supports evidence-based medicine for clinicians and policy-makers to ensure appropriate preventive and control program of brucellosis worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T13:54:31Z","timestamp":1617112471000},"page":"1312-1320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bayesian Evaluation of Three Serological Tests for Detecting Antibodies against Brucella spp. among Humans in the Northwestern Part of Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Ron-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Agropecuaria, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas \u2013 ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenin","family":"Ron-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Abatih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maritza","family":"Celi-Erazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vizca\u00edno-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Calva-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Agropecuaria, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas \u2013 ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Agropecuaria, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas \u2013 ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Berkvens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Washington","family":"Ben\u00edtez-Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Agropecuaria, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas \u2013 ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jef","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fretin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Enfermedades Infecciosas, Principios y Practica","first-page":"2300","article-title":"Especies de brucella","author":"Young","year":"1997"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"4000","article-title":"Evaluation of an immunocapture-agglutination test (Brucellacapt) for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis","volume":"38","author":"Ordu\u00f1a","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Infectious and Parasitic Disease of Livestock","first-page":"991","article-title":"Bovine brucellosis","author":"Saegerman","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Brucellosis in Humans and Animals","author":"Corbel","year":"2006"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Minist Agric Ganad Acuacultura y Pesca (MAGAP), Serv Ecuatoriano Saniadad Agropecu (SESA) Ed. 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