{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:20:22Z","timestamp":1790835622815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Early names for leptospirosis often indicate occupational or environmental exposure. Leptospirosis is hard to identify in the tropical setting because of co-circulating diseases. This is not the case in the temperate setting, such as Europe, where the few historical differential diagnoses were malaria, typhoid, and viral hepatitis. Leptospirosis presumably caused community epidemics in Europe before 1900 and military epidemiologists carefully documented outbreaks in \u201cconstrained settings.\u201d Achille Kelsch (1841\u20131911) synthesized available military data and epidemiological perspectives to define \u201cepidemic jaundice\u201d as a nosological continuum, caused by an infectious agent found in muds and water. He viewed Weil\u2019s disease as being only one form of that now well-identified disease continuum. The causative pathogen and epidemiological determinants were identified years later. The role of soils and muds as intermediate reservoirs, as suggested by Kelsch, deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T07:01:30Z","timestamp":1539068490000},"page":"1366-1368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Leptospirosis in French Historical Medical Literature: Weil\u2019s Disease or Kelsch\u2019s Disease?"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Tarantola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Goarant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","author":"Weil","year":"1886"},{"key":"b2","author":"Faine","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3","author":"Conover","year":"2015"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0151555","article-title":"Estimating the burden of leptospirosis among febrile subjects aged below 20 years in Kampong Cham communities, Cambodia, 2007\u20132009","volume":"11","author":"Hem","year":"2016"},{"key":"b5","author":"Seguin","year":"1889"},{"key":"b6","author":"Fritsch-Lang","year":"1861"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"75","article-title":"Jaundice in typhoid fever","volume":"1","author":"Ogilvie","year":"1901"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Hepatitis a in day-care centers","volume":"302","author":"Hadler","year":"1980"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis","volume":"132","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2004"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"160","article-title":"Acute oliguric renal failure complicating type A nonfulminant viral hepatitis. 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