{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1787031170932,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"abstract":"\n Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic infection, caused by three closely related nematodes, namely\n Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Brugia timori<\/jats:italic>\n . Previously, we have shown that lysate from\n B. malayi<\/jats:italic>\n microfilariae induces the expression of interleukin\n (IL)-10<\/jats:italic>\n and programmed death-ligand\n (PD-L) 1<\/jats:italic>\n on monocytes, which lead to inhibition of CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cell responses. In this study, we investigated associations of\n IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n and programmed cell death\n (PD)-1<\/jats:italic>\n pathway gene polymorphisms with clinical manifestation in LF. We evaluated the frequency of alleles and genotypes of\n IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n (rs3024496, rs1800872),\n IL-10RA<\/jats:italic>\n (rs3135932),\n IL-10RB<\/jats:italic>\n (rs2834167),\n PD-1<\/jats:italic>\n (rs2227982, rs10204525),\n PD-L1<\/jats:italic>\n (rs4143815),\n PD-L2<\/jats:italic>\n (rs7854413), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 103 patients with chronic pathology (CP), such as elephantiasis or hydrocele and 106 endemic normal (EN) individuals from a South Indian population living in an area endemic for LF. Deviations from the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium were tested, and we found a significant difference between the frequency of polymorphisms in\n PD-L2<\/jats:italic>\n (rs7854413;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and\n IL-10RB<\/jats:italic>\n (rs2834167;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.012) between the CP and the EN group, whereas there were no significant differences found among\n IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IL-10RA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PD-1<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n PD-L1<\/jats:italic>\n SNPs. A multivariate analysis showed that the existence of a CC genotype in\n PD-L2<\/jats:italic>\n SNP rs7854413 is associated with a higher risk of developing CP (OR: 2.942; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.957\u20139.046;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.06). Altogether, these data indicate that a genetically determined individual difference in a non-synonymous missense SNP of\n PD-L2<\/jats:italic>\n might influence the susceptibility to CP.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T02:00:59Z","timestamp":1545876059000},"page":"344-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of a PD-L2 Gene Polymorphism with Chronic Lymphatic Filariasis in a South Indian Cohort"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Gopinath","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00eblle L.","family":"O\u2019Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Centre for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf R.","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Srikantam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, LEPRA Society, Hyderabad, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roswitha","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Steinfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Parasite Immunol","first-page":"338","article-title":"Immunology of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"36","author":"Babu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lymphat Res Biol","first-page":"144","article-title":"Insights into the pathogenesis of disease in human lymphatic filariasis","volume":"11","author":"Nutman","year":"2013"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 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