{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:18:24Z","timestamp":1790889504886,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In March 2016, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was identified in Kabale district, southwestern Uganda. A comprehensive outbreak investigation was initiated, including human, livestock, and mosquito vector investigations. Overall, four cases of acute, nonfatal human disease were identified, three by RVF virus (RVFV) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and one by IgM and IgG serology. Investigations of cattle, sheep, and goat samples from homes and villages of confirmed and probable RVF cases and the Kabale central abattoir found that eight of 83 (10%) animals were positive for RVFV by IgG serology; one goat from the home of a confirmed case tested positive by RT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing from three clinical specimens was performed and phylogenetic analysis inferred the relatedness of 2016 RVFV with the 2006\u20132007 Kenya-2 clade, suggesting previous introduction of RVFV into southwestern Uganda. An entomological survey identified three of 298 pools (1%) of\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Coquillettidia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species that were RVFV positive by RT-PCR. This was the first identification of RVFV in Uganda in 48 years and the 10\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    independent viral hemorrhagic fever outbreak to be confirmed in Uganda since 2010.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T03:26:13Z","timestamp":1548127573000},"page":"659-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["First Laboratory-Confirmed Outbreak of Human and Animal Rift Valley Fever Virus in Uganda in 48 Years"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Trevor R.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda;"},{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Nyakarahuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"},{"name":"Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Balinandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ojwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Security Unit, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Tumusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Mulei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Kyondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Lubwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Sekamatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarion","family":"Namutebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, Kabale, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Tusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kabale District Health Office, Kabale, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Monje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mayanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ssendagire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Dahlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kyazze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Wetaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Makumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Borchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Security Unit, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zufan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Klena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart T.","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre E.","family":"Rollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Lutwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Bunyaviridae. 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