{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:48:21Z","timestamp":1790347701431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>. In humans, the infection induces the formation of parasitic cysts mostly in the liver and lungs, but virtually any organ can be affected. CE of the bone is one of the rarest forms of the disease, yet it is also extremely debilitating for patients and hard to manage for clinicians. Unlike abdominal CE, there is currently no expert consensus on the management of bone CE. In this study, we conducted a survey of the clinical records of seven European referral centers for the management of patients with CE and retrieved data on the clinical management of 32 patients with a diagnosis of bone CE. Our survey confirmed that the patients endured chronic debilitating disease with a high rate of complications (84%). We also found that diagnostic approaches were highly heterogeneous. Surgery was extensively used to treat these patients, as well as albendazole, occasionally combined with praziquantel or nitaxozanide. Treatment was curative only for two patients, with one requiring amputation of the involved bone. Our survey highlights the need to conduct systematic studies on bone CE, both retrospectively and prospectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T07:01:28Z","timestamp":1548745288000},"page":"617-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Cystic Echinococcosis of the Bone: A European Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Letizia","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Manciulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen-Michaela","family":"Cretu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Giordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Angheben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bartoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Zammarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Bartalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Junghanss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Stojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Sammarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vercelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Benazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Cuzzocrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Adv Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002","article-title":"Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species","volume":"95","author":"Romig","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"296","article-title":"Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"12","author":"Budke","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"475","article-title":"Hydatid disease from head to toe","volume":"23","author":"Polat","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"75","article-title":"Hydatid cyst of bone: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Zlitni","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Orthop Surg","first-page":"246","article-title":"Musculoskeletal hydatid cysts resembling tumors: a report of five cases","volume":"8","author":"Togral","year":"2016"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinal cystic echinococcosis\u2013a systematic analysis and review of the literature: part 1. 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