{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:39:37Z","timestamp":1761129577098},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Forty-five <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg\u2013negative\/circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) low (Trace-1+) positive children in areas of very low prevalence were followed up daily for 30 days. Stool and urine specimens were collected and examined each day from each child. At the midpoint of the study, three egg-positive control persons with light intensity infection were included in the protocol. Stool samples were examined by the Kato\u2013Katz (four slides\/stool sample) technique and all <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg\u2013negative stools were further tested by the \u201cmiracidia hatching test\u201d (MHT). Urine samples were examined by the point-of-care CCA assay (POC-CCA). Over 30 days, only one of 1,338 consecutive stool samples from study subjects was <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg and MHT positive (0.07%). Egg counts fluctuated daily in stools from positive controls and <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> miracidia were detected in all but two samples by the MHT. Point-of-care\u2013circulating cathodic antigen bands were scored from G1 to G10 and then translated to standard Trace, 1+, 2+, 3+ banding patterns. In two districts, the POC-CCA assays were Trace or 1+ for both the study children and the positive controls. In the third district, the POC-CCA assays were Trace or 1+ for the study children and 1+ or 2+ for the positive control. We conclude that in areas with extremely low prevalence <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg\u2013negative and CCA-Trace or 1+ children are unlikely to pose substantial risks to continued transmission of schistosomiasis. In this setting, POC-CCA Trace or 1+ readings are likely to be false positives or perhaps represent low-level single-sex schistosome infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T07:00:22Z","timestamp":1546498822000},"page":"578-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Thirty-Day Daily Comparisons of Kato\u2013Katz and CCA Assays of 45 Egyptian Children in Areas with Very Low Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Ayat A.","family":"Haggag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Abd Elaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Colley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reda M. R.","family":"Ramzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition Institute, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"411","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases. 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