{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:35:03Z","timestamp":1762079703525},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"abstract":"American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic anthropozoonosis undergoing expansion on the American continent. The disease is caused by several Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species and it is manifested as cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In this study, we evaluate the viability of high-resolution melt polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR) analysis to differentiate four closely related Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species as a routine tool for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. For this purpose, biopsy specimens from cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions were taken from 132 individuals from endemic and non-endemic areas for leishmaniasis. Each sample was processed for parasitological, histopathological, and molecular analysis. Positive biopsy samples were analyzed by HRM-PCR of a 144-bp heat-shock protein (hsp70) gene fragment, and new cases were confirmed by sequencing. Of the 132 samples analyzed, 36 (27%) were positive for Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp., of which 86% were from cutaneous lesions and 14% from mucocutaneous lesions. We identified Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (Viannia<\/jats:italic>) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> (84%), Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (Leishmania<\/jats:italic>) infantum<\/jats:italic> (13%), and Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (Leishmania<\/jats:italic>) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> (3%) in cutaneous lesions, and L.<\/jats:italic> (V.<\/jats:italic>) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> (40%), L.<\/jats:italic> (L.<\/jats:italic>) infantum<\/jats:italic> (20%), L.<\/jats:italic> (L.<\/jats:italic>) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> (20%), and Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (Viannia<\/jats:italic>) guyanensis<\/jats:italic> (20%) in mucocutaneous lesions. The main purpose of this research was to report for the first time in Paraguay the presence of L.<\/jats:italic> (L.<\/jats:italic>) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> and L.<\/jats:italic> (V.<\/jats:italic>) guyanensis<\/jats:italic> in patients with cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions, using the HRM-PCR technique. In addition, we report the presence of additional new cases of L.<\/jats:italic> (L.<\/jats:italic>) infantum<\/jats:italic> in cutaneous lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T07:01:06Z","timestamp":1565679666000},"page":"780-788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["First Molecular Report of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in Paraguayan Inhabitants Using High-Resolution Melt-PCR"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Oscar Daniel","family":"Salvioni Recalde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pereira Brunelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Especialidades Dermatol\u00f3gicas - Programa Nacional de Control de la Lepra, San Lorenzo, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam Soledad","family":"Rolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonieta","family":"Rojas de Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Aldama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Especialidades Dermatol\u00f3gicas - Programa Nacional de Control de la Lepra, San Lorenzo, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste Vega","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2018","series-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"WHO","key":"b1"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e35671","article-title":"Leishmaniosis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mem Inst Investig Cienc Salud","first-page":"85","article-title":"Situaci\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gica de las leishmaniosis y percepci\u00f3n de actores claves en el departamento de Alto Paran\u00e1 Paraguay","volume":"15","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Ayala","year":"2017"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Leishmaniosis\u2013Trends in Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","article-title":"Environmental changes and the geographic spreading of American cutaneous leishmaniosis in Brazil","author":"Rangel","year":"2014"},{"year":"2010","author":"WHO","key":"b5"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria (LTA) Situaci\u00f3n Epidemiol\u00f3gica","author":"Servicio Nacional de Erradicaci\u00f3n del Paludismo (SENEPA)","key":"b6"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Manual de Diagn\u00f3stico y Tratamiento de las Leishmaniosis","author":"Servicio Nacional de Erradicaci\u00f3n del Paludismo (SENEPA)","key":"b7"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"191","article-title":"Polymorphism-specific PCR enhances the diagnostic performance of American tegumentary leishmaniasis and allows the rapid identification of Leishmania species from Argentina","volume":"12","author":"Marco","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Protozool Res","first-page":"76","article-title":"Epidemiological and genotypical mapping of human Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Paraguay","volume":"9","author":"Pacheco","year":"1999"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Mem Inst Investig Cienc Salud","first-page":"45","article-title":"Aplicaci\u00f3n de la PCR para la aplicaci\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero y complejos de Leishmania en diferentes tipos de muestras biol\u00f3gicas","volume":"9","author":"Chena","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Evolution Classification and Geographical Distribution","first-page":"1","author":"Lainson","year":"1987"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"687","article-title":"A review of the geographic distribution and epidemiology of leishmaniosis in the New World","volume":"41","author":"Grimaldi","year":"1989"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia de leishmaniose tegumentar Americana no Estado Mato Grosso do Sul associada \u00e0 infec\u00e7\u00e3o por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis","volume":"39","author":"Dorval","year":"2006"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Miltefosine and antimonial drug susceptibility of Leishmania Viannia species and populations in regions of high transmission in Colombia","volume":"8","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. 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