{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:01:20Z","timestamp":1790690480260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection causes febrile illness and severe disease with multiple organ failure and death when treatment is delayed. Antipyretic treatment is standard, and inducing hypothermia has been proposed to protect the brain in cerebral malaria. Here, we investigated the temperature dependence of asexual-stage parasite development and parasite multiplication in vitro. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> laboratory strain TM267 was incubated for 2 hours (short exposure) or 48 hours (continuous exposure) at different temperatures (32\u00b0C, 34\u00b0C, 35\u00b0C, 38\u00b0C, 39\u00b0C, and 40\u00b0C). The starting parasite developmental stage (ring, trophozoite, or schizont) varied between experiments. The parasite multiplication rate (PMR) was reduced under both hyper- and hypothermic conditions; after continuous exposure, the mean PMR \u00b1 SD was 9.1 \u00b1 1.2 at 37\u00b0C compared with 2.4 \u00b1 1.8 at 32\u00b0C, 2.3 \u00b1 0.4 at 34\u00b0C, and 0.4 \u00b1 0.1 at 40\u00b0C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Changes in PMR were not significant after 2-hour exposure at temperatures ranging from 32\u00b0C to 40\u00b0C. Morphological changes in parasite cytoplasm and nucleus could be observed after long exposure to low or high temperature. After 48-hour incubation, rosette formation (\u2265 2 uninfected red blood cells bound to infected red blood cells) was decreased at 34\u00b0C or 39\u00b0C compared with that at 37\u00b0C. In conclusion, both hyper- and hypothermia reduce PMR and delay erythrocytic stage development of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, subsequently reducing rosette formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T07:01:13Z","timestamp":1554188473000},"page":"1191-1195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Temperature Dependence of Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocytic Stage Development"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Yutatirat","family":"Singhaboot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srisuda","family":"Keayarsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattaporn","family":"Piaraksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weerapong","family":"Phumratanaprapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parinya","family":"Kunawut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen","family":"Dondorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesinee","family":"Chotivanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"},{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2016","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis","first-page":"e2012073","article-title":"Malaria in 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