{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:40:33Z","timestamp":1793828433580,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>, a worldwide-distributed soil-transmitted helminth, causes chronic infection which may be life threatening. Limitations of diagnostic tests and nonspecificity of symptoms have hampered the estimation of the global morbidity due to strongyloidiasis. This work aimed at assessing <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated morbidity through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature. MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, and trial registries (WHO portal) were searched. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (ORs) of the association between symptoms and infection status and frequency of infection-associated symptoms were calculated. Six articles from five countries, including 6,014 individuals, were included in the meta-analysis\u2014three were of low quality, one of high quality, and two of very high quality. Abdominal pain (OR 1.74 [CI 1.07\u20132.94]), diarrhea (OR 1.66 [CI 1.09\u20132.55]), and urticaria (OR 1.73 [CI 1.22\u20132.44]) were associated with infection. In 17 eligible studies, these symptoms were reported by a large proportion of the individuals with strongyloidiasis\u2014abdominal pain by 53.1% individuals, diarrhea by 41.6%, and urticaria by 27.8%. After removing the low-quality studies, urticaria remained the only symptom significantly associated with <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection (OR 1.42 [CI 1.24\u20131.61]). Limitations of evidence included the low number and quality of studies. Our findings especially highlight the appalling knowledge gap about clinical manifestations of this common yet neglected soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Further studies focusing on morbidity and risk factors for dissemination and mortality due to strongyloidiasis are absolutely needed to quantify the burden of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection and inform public health policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T07:00:54Z","timestamp":1554793254000},"page":"1305-1311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Morbidity Associated with Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Martello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Giorli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fittipaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Staffolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Montresor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO, Geneva, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Bisoffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Buonfrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2214","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis: a plea for action","volume":"7","author":"Bisoffi","year":"2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"263","article-title":"Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species","volume":"144","author":"Nutman","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"78","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"13","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0006229","article-title":"Accuracy of 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