{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:47:03Z","timestamp":1784011623190,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> genus, which are fastidious, slow-growing organisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility data are limited; traditionally, the organisms have not been culturable on solid media. The recent development of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> Vanaporn Wuthiekanun (LVW) agar, which facilitates rapid growth of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp., provides the opportunity for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eighty-three <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. clinical isolates originating from patients in Laos between 2006 and 2016 were tested against six antimicrobials (azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and penicillin G) using disk diffusion on LVW agar. Quality control was undertaken using American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strains with known susceptibilities on both standard media and LVW agar. All <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates produced large zones of inhibition around each of the six antimicrobials. All zones were greater than 25 mm: gentamicin produced the smallest zones (median 35 mm; interquartile range 30 mm\u201337 mm) and azithromycin produced the largest zones (median 85 mm; interquartile range 85 mm\u201385 mm). Zones produced by non-leptospiral ATCC reference strains on LVW agar were within 2 mm of accepted strain-specific quality control range on standard media. Antimicrobial activity on LVW agar appears to be similar to that on standard media. As there are no published susceptibility guidelines for the <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> genus, zone interpretation was subjective. <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> Vanaporn Wuthiekanun agar enabled antimicrobial susceptibility testing of multiple <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> isolates on solid media; the large zone sizes observed suggest that resistance has not emerged to these six antimicrobials in Lao <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T07:01:07Z","timestamp":1552978867000},"page":"1073-1078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Leptospira spp. in the Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic Using Disk Diffusion"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Boss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic;"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A. B.","family":"Dance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic;"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisone","family":"Chanthongthip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul N.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic;"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanaporn","family":"Wuthiekanun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic;"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"351","article-title":"The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends","volume":"12","author":"Pappas","year":"2008"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"33","article-title":"Leptospirosis: an emerging disease in travellers","volume":"8","author":"Lau","year":"2010"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"WHO Libr","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control","volume":"45","author":"WHO","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Microbes Infect","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Overview of the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of Leptospira spp. in humans","volume":"2","author":"Plank","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop 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