{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:46:33Z","timestamp":1788173193782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2017\u201318, a large-scale cholera outbreak swept Yemen. We calculated the number of culture-confirmed cases from the suspected cases and diagnosis testing records. We estimate 184,248 confirmed cholera cases between April 2017 and the end of 2017, and the reproduction number of 2.2 with 95% CI of [2.1, 2.3] during the initial stage. We find a significantly (nonlinear) positive association between the reproduction number (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) and precipitation, explained 13% of transmissibility changes, with one unit (mm) increment in precipitation leading to an increment of 20.1% in <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>. We find a significantly (nonlinear) negative association between the <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and cumulative Google Trends index (GTI), explained 62% of transmissibility changes, with one unit increment in cumulative GTI leading to a drop of 0.03% in <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-1016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T07:00:40Z","timestamp":1563865240000},"page":"521-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations between Public Awareness, Local Precipitation, and Cholera in Yemen in 2017"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Shi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salihu S.","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daihai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"The Situation Reports of Weekly Cholera Bulletins, The News Focus of Yemen","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e680","article-title":"Cholera epidemic in Yemen, 2016\u201318: an analysis of surveillance data","volume":"6","author":"Camacho","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"The Cholera Diagnosis, Detection and Case Definition","author":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"The Policies of Cholera Diagnosis, Detection and Case Definition","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"The Climate and Average Weather in Yemen","author":"The World Weather and Climate Information","year":"2018"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"The Google Trends Index of the Term \u201cCholera\u201d","author":"Google","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"1505","article-title":"A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics","volume":"178","author":"Cori","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"509","article-title":"Different epidemic curves for severe acute respiratory syndrome reveal similar impacts of control measures","volume":"160","author":"Wallinga","year":"2004"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Population-level effect of cholera vaccine on displaced populations, south Sudan","volume":"22","author":"Azman","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Theor Biol","first-page":"80","article-title":"Modeling the 2016\u20132017 Yemen cholera outbreak with the impact of limited medical resources","volume":"451","author":"He","year":"2018"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e600","article-title":"Untangling the causes of the 2016\u201318 cholera epidemic in Yemen","volume":"6","author":"Gormley","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Bull Math Biol","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Impact of awareness programs on cholera dynamics: two modeling approaches","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J R Soc Interf","first-page":"20180515","article-title":"Strategic decision making about travel during disease outbreaks: a game theoretical approach","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Causal Inference in Time Series Analysis. Causality: Stat Perspectives Applications","first-page":"327","author":"Eichler","year":"2012"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Econometrica: J Econometric Soc","first-page":"424","article-title":"Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods","volume":"37","author":"Granger","year":"1969"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T15:04:11Z","timestamp":1722438251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/3\/article-p521.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.18-1016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]}}}