{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:36:46Z","timestamp":1788572206171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the obligate intracellular organism <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>, endemic to South Korea. The course of scrub typhus can range from a self-limiting disease to a fatal illness. Serological cross-reactivity has been reported with other intracellular organisms, including <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Chlamydophila<\/jats:italic> species, and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the current seroprevalence of <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM and <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM in scrub typhus patients in South Korea. We enrolled 150 patients with suspected rickettsial disease over the course of 2 years. Of these patients, 60 were confirmed to have scrub typhus and had paired acute and convalescent serum. Among the 60 scrub typhus patients, 40 (66.7%) had <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM and 19 (31.7%) had <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM in acute- or convalescent phase sera. The seroconversion rates of <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgG and IgM were 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively. The seroconversion rates of <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgG and IgM were 8.3% and 11.7%, respectively. Compared with previous study results, this may indicate a relatively high seroprevalence of <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM and <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgM in scrub typhus patients, indicating possible misdiagnosis of <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infections in non-endemic scrub typhus areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T07:00:31Z","timestamp":1566284431000},"page":"859-862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae among Scrub Typhus Patients in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheon-Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Jeollabukdo Institute of Health and Environment Research, Imsil, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Seop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"},{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol","first-page":"589","article-title":"Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov","volume":"45","author":"Tamura","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"172","article-title":"Detection of Orientia sp. DNA in rodents from Asia, west Africa and Europe","volume":"8","author":"Cosson","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"4404","article-title":"Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai","volume":"48","author":"Izzard","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"883","article-title":"Q fever, scrub typhus, and rickettsial diseases in children, Kenya, 2011\u20132012","volume":"22","author":"Maina","year":"2016"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1659","article-title":"Endemic scrub typhus-like illness, Chile","volume":"17","author":"Balcells","year":"2011"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003971","article-title":"A systematic review of mortality from untreated scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2015"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect","first-page":"240","article-title":"Serious complications in scrub typhus","volume":"31","author":"Tsay","year":"1998"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1086","article-title":"A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"175","author":"Arnold","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Int J Med Microbiol","first-page":"705","article-title":"New insights in the outbreak pattern of Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"305","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"62","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia revisited within the German competence network for community-acquired pneumonia (CAPNETZ)","volume":"9","author":"von Baum","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae and the lung","volume":"16","author":"Hammerschlag","year":"2000"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"747","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Waites","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e77640","article-title":"High seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM in acute Q fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)","volume":"8","author":"Lai","year":"2013"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Immunological arousal during acute Q fever infection","volume":"30","author":"Vardi","year":"2011"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"558","article-title":"Serologic testing for humangranulocytic ehrlichiosis at a national referral center","volume":"37","author":"Comer","year":"1999"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Folia Microbiol","first-page":"579","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between Coxiella burnetii and chlamydiae","volume":"44","author":"Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"111","article-title":"Coxiella burneti endocarditis in a patient with positive chlamydial serology","volume":"25","author":"Wilson","year":"1992"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"605","article-title":"A passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of trench fever due to Rochalimaea quintana","volume":"134","author":"Cooper","year":"1976"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2270","article-title":"Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii","volume":"34","author":"La Scola","year":"1996"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Virol","first-page":"459","article-title":"Study of cross-reaction between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila using indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting","volume":"36","author":"Finidori","year":"1992"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"208","article-title":"Serological cross-reactions between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella micdadei","volume":"4","author":"Musso","year":"1997"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"433","article-title":"State of the art of diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: the use of blood specimens for diagnosis of scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, and murine typhus","volume":"29","author":"Paris","year":"2016"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"S296","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for agents of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"52","author":"Bartlett","year":"2011"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Comparison of chemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and passive agglutination for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Clin Lab Anal","first-page":"e22431","article-title":"Evaluation of the Virclia\u00ae automated chemiluminescent immunoassay system for diagnosing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"32","author":"Tabla","year":"2018"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Diag Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"105","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for rapid and differential diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in respiratory infections","volume":"35","author":"Corsaro","year":"1999"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Infect Chemother","first-page":"367","article-title":"Clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults during 2011 epidemic","volume":"44","author":"Seo","year":"2012"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Clin Case Rep","first-page":"2","article-title":"A case of Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, acute hepatitis B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a child with fever and systemic rash","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect","first-page":"121","article-title":"Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a traveler","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/4\/article-p859.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/4\/article-p859.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/4\/article-p859.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T21:35:28Z","timestamp":1722461728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/4\/article-p859.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]}}}