{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:15:24Z","timestamp":1722471324399},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunosuppressive treatments for rheumatic diseases present special problems in areas endemic for chronic infectious diseases because of the possibility of reactivation. Leishmaniasis is a significant neglected tropical disease caused by different species of protozoan parasites within the genus <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>. Amastigotes live as intracellular parasites in a variety of mammalian cells, most notably within phagocytes such as macrophages, and residual parasites can persist even after treatment and healing of the lesions. We herein report a case of relapsing mucosal leishmaniasis after aggressive immunotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis, with requirement for secondary prophylaxis with amphotericin B to prevent reactivation. This approach can be necessary for patients from endemic areas of tegumentary leishmaniasis, who will undergo aggressive immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T07:00:29Z","timestamp":1560841229000},"page":"402-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Secondary Prophylaxis with Liposomal Amphotericin B in a Patient with Mucosal Leishmaniasis Undergoing Immunobiological Therapy for Active Ankylosing Spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Antonio Carlos","family":"Nicodemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heitor Franco","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valdir Sabbaga","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"604","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"9","author":"Kaye","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"1308","article-title":"The binomial parasite-host immunity in the healing process and in reactivation of human tegumentary 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10 years","volume":"21","author":"Alvar","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3021","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection in the Mediterranean region","volume":"8","author":"Monge-Maillo","year":"2014"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"39","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis: in situ characterization of the host inflammatory response, before and after treatment","volume":"85","author":"Amato","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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