{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:18:07Z","timestamp":1786375087059,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study describes the clinical features of a cohort of imported cases of strongyloidiasis and the performance of standard diagnostic techniques for this condition. A total of 413 cases were identified, of whom 86 had microscopically proven infection. In proven cases, 23% had normal eosinophil counts, 19% had negative <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>-specific serology, and 9.3% had normal blood counts and were seronegative. Serological testing was less sensitive for returning travelers (46.2%) than for migrants (89.7%). Immunosuppression, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1, was significantly associated with proven infection after controlling for age, presence of symptoms, duration of infection, and eosinophilia (OR 5.60, 95% CI 1.54\u201320.4). Patients with proven infection had lower serology values than those diagnosed with strongyloidiasis on the basis of positive serology and eosinophilia alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016). Symptomatic patients were significantly younger, had a shorter presumed duration of infection, and lower serology values. These data suggest a correlation between immunologic control of strongyloidiasis and the amplitude of the humoral response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T07:00:28Z","timestamp":1560841228000},"page":"428-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Clinical and Diagnostic Features of 413 Patients Treated for Imported Strongyloidiasis at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Damien K.","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin F.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. M.","family":"Whitty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair C.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"573","article-title":"Diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of chronic strongyloidiasis in ex-prisoners of war","volume":"157","author":"Pelletier","year":"1988"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"967","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis\u2014the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases?","volume":"103","author":"Olsen","year":"2009"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"78","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"13","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection","volume":"33","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2002","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis and follow up of strongyloidiasis: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Requena-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2013"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"169","article-title":"Comparison between PCR and larvae visualization methods for diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis out of endemic area: a proposed algorithm","volume":"157","author":"Repetto","year":"2016"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0006229","article-title":"Accuracy of molecular biology techniques for the diagnosis of Strongyloides 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infection","volume":"5","author":"Sykes"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004380","article-title":"Application of a multiplex quantitative PCR to assess prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasite infections in a controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Molecular diagnostics of intestinal parasites in returning travellers","volume":"28","author":"Hove","year":"2009"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"38","article-title":"Multi-parallel qPCR provides increased sensitivity and diagnostic breadth for gastrointestinal parasites of humans: field-based inferences on the impact of mass deworming","volume":"9","author":"Easton","year":"2016"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"332","article-title":"High throughput multiplex PCR and probe-based detection with luminex beads for seven intestinal parasites","volume":"84","author":"Taniuchi","year":"2011"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool","volume":"88","author":"Sultana","year":"2013"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"9","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis and the immune response","volume":"59","author":"Iriemenam","year":"2010"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Parasite Immunol","first-page":"503","article-title":"HTLV-1 decreases Th2 type of immune response in patients with strongyloidiasis","volume":"23","author":"Porto","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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