{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:25:12Z","timestamp":1790699112122,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Following a 4-year annual praziquantel (PZQ) treatment campaign, the resulting prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    was seen to differ among individual villages along the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria. We have investigated possible inherent differences in snail-related aspects of transmission among such 10 villages, including six persistent hotspot (PHS) villages (\u2264 30% reduction in prevalence following repeated treatments) located along the west-facing shore of the lake and four PZQ-responding (RESP) villages (&gt; 30% prevalence reduction following repeated treatment) along the Winam Gulf. When taking into account all sampling sites, times, and water hyacinth presence\/absence, shoreline-associated\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria sudanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    from PHS and RESP villages did not differ in relative abundance or prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Water hyacinth intrusions were associated with increased\n                    <jats:italic>B. sudanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance. The deeper water snail\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria choanomphala<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly more abundant in the PHS villages, and prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    among villages both before and after control was positively correlated with\n                    <jats:italic>B. choanomphala<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance. Worm recoveries from sentinel mice did not differ between PHS and RESP villages, and abundance of non-schistosome trematode species was not associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance.\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria choanomphala<\/jats:italic>\n                    provides an alternative, deepwater mode of transmission that may favor greater persistence of\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    in PHS villages. As we found evidence for ongoing\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission in all 10 villages, we conclude that conditions conducive for transmission and reinfection occur ubiquitously. This argues for an integrated, basin-wide plan for schistosomiasis control to counteract rapid reinfections facilitated by large snail populations and movements of infected people around the lake.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T04:07:33Z","timestamp":1559621253000},"page":"65-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Search for Snail-Related Answers to Explain Differences in Response of Schistosoma mansoni to Praziquantel Treatment among Responding and Persistent Hotspot Villages along the Kenyan Shore of Lake Victoria"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Martin W.","family":"Mutuku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina R.","family":"Laidemitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasitology Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna R.","family":"Beechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim N.","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick O.","family":"Otiato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Surveillance Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Agola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horace","family":"Ochanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bishoy","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasitology Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald M.","family":"Mkoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Steinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Loker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Parasitology Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Human 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