{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:23:50Z","timestamp":1767047030113},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This follow-up cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the prevalence rate and risk factors related to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) in children aged &lt; 15 years in contact with adults with smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) in a Brazilian municipality. Data were collected from interviews, clinical evaluations, chest X-rays, tuberculin skin tests, and interferon gamma release assays. The median time elapsed between diagnosis of the index case (IC) and inclusion in the study was 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.5\u20134.4) and 7.4 years (IQR = 3.8\u20139.7) when we reassessed the development (or not) of active TB. The median age at the time of exposure to the IC was 6.6 years (IQR = 3.3\u20139.4) and 14.1 years (IQR = 8.9\u201317.7) at the last follow-up. Of the 99 children and adolescents in contact with smear-positive PTB, 21.2% (95% CI = 14.0\u201329.9) were diagnosed with LTBI, and none developed active TB. There was no statistically significant difference between the LTBI and non-LTBI groups regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological characteristics. Unlike national and international scenarios, we found a lower frequency of LTBI and no active TB among our studied patients. For better understanding of these findings, further studies might add, among other factors, host and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> genetic features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1567600412000},"page":"1077-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Contacts of Smear-Positive Adults in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Andreza","family":"Oliveira-Cortez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emerson Lopes","family":"Froede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelita","family":"Cristine de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clemax Couto","family":"Sant\u2019Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Ara\u00fajo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Maria","family":"Mauricio da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Di Lorenzo 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