{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T21:31:51Z","timestamp":1774560711026,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although Ethiopia has an overall lower prevalence of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> among countries in Africa, the emergence of drug resistance could seriously hinder elimination efforts. Using samples collected from five therapeutic efficacy studies conducted in 2007\u201311, we evaluated the prevalence of putative drug resistance mutations in the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic> genes at the time of those studies, as well as the <jats:italic>ama1<\/jats:italic> gene for genetic relatedness using a pooled amplicon deep sequencing approach. Among all sites, the <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic> gene showed no mutations, whereas the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> CVIET genotype was fixed in all populations. By contrast, the <jats:italic>mdr1<\/jats:italic> gene demonstrated frequencies of resistant genotypes ranging from 10 to 100% at amino acid position 86 and from 0% to 57.8% at amino acid position 1246. Although we observed a low degree of haplotype sharing between sites, we did observe considerable haplotype sharing within sites over time. This suggests that <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> populations in Ethiopia are isolated and able to persist through time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T07:00:29Z","timestamp":1568358029000},"page":"1139-1143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pooled Deep Sequencing of Drug Resistance Loci from Plasmodium falciparum Parasites across Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Nicholas F.","family":"Brazeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"},{"name":"Doctor of Medicine\/Doctor of Philosophy Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashenafi","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heven","family":"Seme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeba G.","family":"Tsadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Keeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Meshnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moges","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"},{"name":"Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adugna","family":"Woyessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Ethiopia National Malaria Indicator Survey 2015","author":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"244","article-title":"Return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites and emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1280","article-title":"Independent origin of Plasmodium falciparum antifolate super-resistance, Uganda, Tanzania, and Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Alifrangis","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1352","article-title":"K13-propeller polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"211","author":"Kamau","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"208","article-title":"Molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in southwest Ethiopia over time: regional surveillance from 2006 to 2013","volume":"14","author":"Heuchert","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"264","article-title":"Identification of large variation in pfcrt, pfmdr-1 and pfubp-1 markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia and Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"Golassa","year":"2015"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0126943","article-title":"Declining trend of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant alleles after the withdrawal of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in north western Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Tessema","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005806","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of co-endemic Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in Ethiopia and prevalence of antimalarial resistant genotypes","volume":"11","author":"Lo","year":"2017"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1998","article-title":"Pooled deep sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum isolates: an efficient and scalable tool to quantify prevailing malaria drug-resistance genotypes","volume":"208","author":"Taylor","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","first-page":"e21","article-title":"SeekDeep: single-base resolution de novo clustering for amplicon deep sequencing","volume":"46","author":"Hathaway","year":"2017"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Mol Biol Evol","first-page":"512","article-title":"Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"1993"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"289","article-title":"APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language","volume":"20","author":"Paradis","year":"2004"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Methods Ecol Evol","first-page":"28","article-title":"ggtree: anrpackage for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"2811","article-title":"Circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"833","article-title":"Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and multidrug resistance 1 genes: parasite risk factors that affect treatment outcomes for P. falciparum malaria after artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine","volume":"91:","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2014"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"490","article-title":"A deep sequencing approach to estimate Plasmodium falciparum complexity of infection (COI) and explore apical membrane antigen 1 diversity","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2017"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"622","article-title":"Dramatic changes in malaria population genetic complexity in dielmo and ndiop, senegal, revealed using genomic surveillance","volume":"217","author":"Bei","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T21:38:55Z","timestamp":1722461935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]}}}