{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:32:59Z","timestamp":1777318379709,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Detection of acute HIV infection is a unique problem that fourth-generation HIV assays were expected to alleviate. In this commentary, we draw attention to the limitations and challenges with use of currently available rapid antigen\u2013antibody (Ag\/Ab) combination tests for detection of acute HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory-based HIV-1 Ag\/Ab immunoassays are complex, requiring specialized equipment and handling that are currently not affordable in many settings in Africa. The point-of-care Ag\/Ab platform on the other hand is easier to deploy and potentially more accessible in resource-limited settings. However, available fourth-generation HIV-1 rapid diagnostic tests have demonstrated poor performance characteristics in field studies where non-B subtypes of HIV-1 dominate. The potential for point-of-care HIV-1 Ag\/Ab diagnostics to significantly improve detection of acute HIV infection remains yet to be realized in sub-Saharan Africa. Assay platforms need to be optimized to identify local circulating subtypes, and optimal algorithms need to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T07:49:33Z","timestamp":1559634573000},"page":"285-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rapid HIV Antigen\u2013Antibody Assays and Detection of Acute HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Adedotun A.","family":"Adetunji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses O.","family":"Adewumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obaro S.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Fayemiwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adesola","family":"Ogunniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babafemi O.","family":"Taiwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"66","article-title":"Detecting acute human immunodeficiency virus infection using 3 different screening immunoassays and nucleic acid amplification testing for human immunodeficiency virus RNA, 2006-2008","volume":"170","author":"Patel","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"15","article-title":"The fourth generation Alere\u2122 HIV Combo rapid test improves detection of acute infection in MTN-003 (VOICE) samples","volume":"94","author":"Livant","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"191","author":"Wawer","year":"2005"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Acute HIV-1 infection is as common as malaria in young febrile 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