{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:51:13Z","timestamp":1793299873746,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium africanum<\/jats:italic> (MAF) is known to endemically cause up to 40\u201350% of all pulmonary TB in West Africa. The aim of this study was to compare MAF with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB) with regard to time from symptom onset to TB diagnosis, and clinical and radiological characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bamako, Mali, between August 2014 and July 2016. Seventy-seven newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients who were naive to treatment were enrolled at Mali\u2019s University Clinical Research Center. Sputum cultures were performed to confirm the diagnosis and spoligotyping to identify the mycobacterial strain. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with disease progression. Overall, the frequency of female patients was 25% in MAF infection and only 10.0% in MTB infection (OR = 2.9), and MAF was more represented in patients aged \u2265 30 years (57.1% versus 36.7% [OR = 2.3]). More MAF- than MTB-infected patients had a history of a prior TB contact (32.1% versus 14.3% [OR = 2.8]). The mean duration between cough onset and TB diagnosis was 111 days (\u223c3.7 months) for MAF and 72 days (\u223c2.4 months) for MTB (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). In a multivariate regression, weight loss (body mass index [BMI] &lt; 18.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and cough duration (&gt; 4 months) were strongly associated with MAF infection (OR = 5.20 [1.49\u201318.26], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010, and 4.74 [1.2\u201318.58], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), respectively. Our data show that MAF infection was significantly associated with lower BMI and a longer time between symptom onset and TB diagnosis than MTB. This supports the concept that MAF infection may have slower disease progression and less severe cough symptoms than MTB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T07:01:04Z","timestamp":1573542064000},"page":"36-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Mycobacterium africanum Infection with Slower Disease Progression Compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Malian Patients with Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Bocar","family":"Baya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassirou","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Diabate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bourahima","family":"Kone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drissa","family":"Goita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeya dit Sadio","family":"Sarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keira","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad J.","family":"Achenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Tolofoudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antieme Combo Georges","family":"Togo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moumine","family":"Sanogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Kone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Kodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djeneba","family":"Dabitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadie","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Allergic and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Bishai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sounkalo","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Leo","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoudou","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)\u2013SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"450","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis patients infected by M. africanum versus M. tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"de Jong","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e744","article-title":"Mycobacterium africanum\u2013review of an important cause of human tuberculosis in west Africa","volume":"4","author":"de 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