{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:27:49Z","timestamp":1778790469600,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The WHO recommends mass treatment with praziquantel as the primary approach for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2013related morbidity control in endemic populations. The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation implemented multi-country, cluster-randomized trials to compare effectiveness of community-wide and school-based treatment (SBT) regimens on prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis. To assess the impact of two different treatment schedules on <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated morbidity in children, cohort studies were nested within the randomized trials conducted in villages in Kenya and Tanzania having baseline prevalence \u2265 25%. Children aged 7\u20138 years were enrolled at baseline and followed to ages 11\u201312 years. Infection intensity and odds of infection were reduced both in villages receiving four years of annual community-wide treatment (CWT) and those who received biennial SBT over 4 years. These regimens were also associated with reduced odds of undernutrition and reduced odds of portal vein dilation at follow-up. However, neither hemoglobin levels nor the prevalence of the rare abnormal pattern C liver scores on ultrasound improved. For the combined cohorts, growth stunting worsened in the areas receiving biennial SBT, and maximal oxygen uptake as estimated by fitness testing scores declined under both regimens. After adjusting for imbalance in starting prevalence between study arms, children in villages receiving annual CWT had significantly greater decreases in infection prevalence and intensity than those villages receiving biennial SBT. Although health-related quality-of-life scores improved in both study arms, children in the CWT villages gained significantly more. We conclude that programs using annual CWT are likely to achieve better overall <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> morbidity control than those implementing only biennial SBT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T07:01:02Z","timestamp":1565679662000},"page":"1336-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Five-Year Impact of Different Multi-Year Mass Drug Administration Strategies on Childhood Schistosoma mansoni\u2013Associated Morbidity: A Combined Analysis from the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation Cohort Studies in the Lake Victoria Regions of Kenya and Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"},{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nupur","family":"Kittur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline N. M.","family":"Mwinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safari","family":"Kinung\u2019hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Colley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Manson\u2019s Tropical Diseases","first-page":"698","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","author":"Bustinduy","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005524","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and educational loss in children with schistosome infection-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ezeamama","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. 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