{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:42:24Z","timestamp":1775119344336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"abstract":"The epidemiology of febrile illness etiologies is under-explored in resource-poor settings. Establishing a local repertory of microorganisms circulating in blood of febrile and afebrile people is important for physicians. Blood was collected from 428 febrile and 88 afebrile children in Makokou (Gabon) and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. were the pathogens, which were most detected in febrile children (69.6%; 298\/428) and in afebrile children (31.8%; 28\/88) (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.0001). Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent species in both febrile and afebrile children (66.8% and 27.3%, respectively). No differences were observed between febrile and afebrile children for Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> and Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> (8.2% versus 10.2% and 3.3% versus 3.4%, respectively). Triple infection with P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, P. malariae<\/jats:italic>, and P. ovale<\/jats:italic> was also detected in 1% of febrile children (4\/428). Filariasis due to Mansonella perstans<\/jats:italic> was detected in 10 febrile patients (2.3%), whereas Loa loa<\/jats:italic> was detected in both febrile and afebrile children (1.4% and 2.3%, respectively). Bacterial DNA was detected in only 4.4% (19\/428) of febrile children, including 13 (68.4%) who were coinfected with at least one Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species. These were Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> (1.6%, 7\/428), Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (1.2%, 5\/428), and Rickettsia felis<\/jats:italic> (0.9%, 4\/428). Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp., Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp., Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic>, Anaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp., Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp., Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, and Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. were not detected. This study also highlights the over-prescription and the overuse of antibiotics and antimalarials. Overall, malaria remains a major health problem in Makokou. Malaria control measures must be reconsidered in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T07:00:56Z","timestamp":1574751656000},"page":"121-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High Circulation of Malaria and Low Prevalence of Bacteremia in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Northeastern Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9lia Scherelle","family":"Boumbanda Koyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es (SSA), Vecteurs\u2014Infections Tropicales et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes (VITROME), Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Evolution, Epid\u00e9miologie et R\u00e9sistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon;"},{"name":"Ecole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale en Infectiologie Tropicale d\u2019Afrique Centrale, Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine Lydie","family":"Oyegue-Liabagui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Parasitologie et Microbiologie, \u00c9cole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale d\u2019Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Mediannikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Cortaredona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es (SSA), Vecteurs\u2014Infections Tropicales et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes (VITROME), Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lady Charlene","family":"Kouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Evolution, Epid\u00e9miologie et R\u00e9sistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Bernard","family":"Lekana-Douki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Evolution, Epid\u00e9miologie et R\u00e9sistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon;"},{"name":"Ecole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale en Infectiologie Tropicale d\u2019Afrique Centrale, Franceville, Gabon;"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Parasitologie-Mycologie M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (USS), Libreville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es (SSA), Vecteurs\u2014Infections Tropicales et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes (VITROME), Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"178","article-title":"Community prevalence of fever and relationship with malaria among infants and children in low-resource areas","volume":"93","author":"Prasad","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e16085","article-title":"The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and 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