{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T01:58:19Z","timestamp":1775699899364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection negatively impacts children\u2019s physical health and may influence general well-being. Schistosomiasis control programs aim at reducing morbidity through mass drug administration (MDA). This study aimed to compare morbidity markers between two cohorts of Tanzanian schoolchildren with initial high prevalence of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. One cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 254 at baseline) received annual MDA for 4 years using community-wide treatment (CWT). The second cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 318 at baseline) received school-based treatment (SBT) every other year for 4 years. At year 5, the CWT cohort and the SBT cohort were reduced to 153 and 221 children, respectively. The characteristics of the 198 children lost to follow-up did not differ at baseline from those who were examined in year 5. <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> hemoglobin (Hb) and anemia, physical fitness, and perceived quality of life were investigated at baseline, year 3, and year 5, whereas liver and spleen pathology (ultrasound) were investigated only at baseline and year 5. Cohorts were compared using two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Both treatment regimens significantly decreased individual-level mean intensity of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection, anemia, and hepatomegaly, and increased Hb levels after 5 years. Hepatomegaly was the only parameter affected by the treatment regimen as the CWT approach reduced the percentage of individuals with hepatomegaly significantly more than the SBT approach. Both treatment regimens led to reduced physical fitness at year 5 compared with baseline. The modest impact of the two control strategies are probably due to initial low intensity of infection, ensuring low level of schistosomiasis-related morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T07:01:03Z","timestamp":1573542063000},"page":"100-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Changes in Morbidity, Physical Fitness, and Perceived Quality of Life among Schoolchildren following Four Years of Different Mass Drug Administration Strategies against Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Mwanza Region, Northwestern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Annette","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safari","family":"Kinung\u2019hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Kaatano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e412","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden","volume":"3","author":"Hotez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2865","article-title":"The global burden of disease study 2010. Interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases","volume":"8","author":"Hotez","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"274","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of human schistosomiasis in Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Mazigo","year":"2012"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection along the coast of Lake Victoria in Mwanza region, Tanzania","volume":"92","author":"Olsen","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis. Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers","author":"WHO","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Comparison of the impact of different mass drug administration strategies on infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Mwanza region\u2014a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Olsen","year":"2018"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005257","article-title":"Infection with Schistosoma mansoni has an effect on quality of life, but not on physical fitness in schoolchildren in Mwanza region, north\u2013western Tanzania: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Kinung\u2019hi","year":"2016"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Tanzania Population and Housing Census, 2012","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2012"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"652","article-title":"Protocol and baseline data for a multi-year cohort study of the effects of different mass drug treatment approaches on functional morbidities from schistosomiasis in four African countries","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2017"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1972"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e86510","article-title":"Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross\u2013sectional study in Magu district, north\u2013western Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"Kinung\u2019hi","year":"2014"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia","volume":"13","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1213","article-title":"Measuring fitness of Kenyan children with polyparasitic infections using the 20-meter shuttle run test as a morbidity metric","volume":"5","author":"Bustinduy","year":"2011"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1239","article-title":"Effect of schistosomiasis and soil\u2013transmitted helminth infections on physical fitness of school children in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis: A Practical Guide to the Standardized Use of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Schistosomiasis-Related Morbidity","author":"Richter","year":"2000"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Tropical Med Intern Health","first-page":"461","article-title":"Detailed clinical and ultrasound examination of children and adolescents in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic area in Kenya: hepatosplenic disease in the absence of portal fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Vennervald","year":"2004"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"362","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni mass drug administration regimens and their effect on morbidity among schoolchildren over a 5\u2013year period\u2013Kenya, 2010\u20132015","volume":"99","author":"Sircar","year":"2018"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"874","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni morbidity among school-aged children: a SCORE project in Kenya","volume":"87","author":"Samuels","year":"2013"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e6373","article-title":"Diet and hygiene practices influence morbidity in schoolchildren living in schistosomiasis endemic areas along Lake Victoria in Kenya and Tanzania\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Hepatosplenic morbidity in two neighbouring communities in Uganda with high levels of Schistosoma mansoni infection but very different durations of residence","volume":"98","author":"Booth","year":"2004"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2268","article-title":"A very high infection intensity of Schistosoma mansoni in a Ugandan Lake Victoria fishing community is required for association with highly prevalent organ related morbidity","volume":"7","author":"Tukahebwa","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/102\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/102\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/102\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T21:45:56Z","timestamp":1722462356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/102\/1\/article-p100.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]}}}