{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:41:37Z","timestamp":1785166897544,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2_Suppl","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T07:01:06Z","timestamp":1593759666000},"page":"90-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pyrethroid and Carbamate Resistance in Anopheles funestus Giles along Lake Kariba in Southern Zambia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Javan","family":"Chanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kochelani","family":"Saili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foustina","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Malaria Elimination Centre, Zambia Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulenga","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Chishimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conceptor","family":"Mulube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Mambwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Earle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulakwa","family":"Kamuliwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Malaria Elimination Centre, Zambia Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Steketee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH MACEPA, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chadwick H.","family":"Sikaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SADC Malaria Elimination Eight Secretariat, Windhoek, Namibia"},{"name":"National Malaria Elimination Centre, Zambia Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015","volume":"526","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002380","article-title":"Tools and strategies for malaria control and elimination: what do we need to achieve a grand convergence in malaria?","volume":"14","author":"Hemingway","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00417-1","article-title":"Averting a malaria disaster: will insecticide resistance derail malaria control?","volume":"387","author":"Hemingway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"b6","first-page":"557","article-title":"House catches of adult Anopheles gambiae species B in two areas of Zambia","volume":"56","author":"Bransby-Williams","year":"1979","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"b7","volume-title":"WHO Recommended Insecticides for Indoor Residual Spraying against Malaria Vectors","year":"2009"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00211.x","article-title":"Safety of pyrethroid\u2010treated mosquito nets","volume":"14","author":"Zaim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018042","article-title":"Efficacy of Interceptor\u00ae G2, a new long-lasting insecticidal net against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae ss from C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: a semi-field trial","volume":"25","author":"Camara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5897\/JPHE12.038","article-title":"Impact of entomological interventions on malaria vector bionomics in low transmission settings in Zambia","volume":"4","author":"Chanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health Epidemiol"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1143-7","article-title":"Incremental impact upon malaria transmission of supplementing pyrethroid-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets with indoor residual spraying using pyrethroids or the organophosphate, pirimiphos methyl","volume":"15","author":"Hamainza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142671","article-title":"Combination of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying in northern Tanzania provides additional reduction in vector population density and malaria transmission rates compared to insecticide treated nets alone: a randomised control trial","volume":"10","author":"Protopopoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000401","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000401","article-title":"A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.01.001","article-title":"Feeding strategies of anthropophilic mosquitoes result in increased risk of pathogen transmission","volume":"28","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"b15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Screening of pesticide residues in soil and water samples from agricultural settings","volume":"9","author":"Akogb\u00e9to","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.45.1.371","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease","volume":"45","author":"Hemingway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.21","article-title":"Insecticide resistance issues in vector-borne disease control","volume":"50","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980410","article-title":"Insecticide resistance and vector control","volume":"4","author":"Brogdon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-67","article-title":"Cuticle thickening associated with pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus","volume":"3","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12314","article-title":"The changes in mosquito vector behaviour and the emerging resistance to insecticides will challenge the decline of malaria","volume":"19","author":"Sokhna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.05.006","article-title":"Behavior as a mechanism of insecticide resistance: evaluation of the evidence","volume":"21","author":"Zalucki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024336","article-title":"Insecticide resistance and the future of malaria control in Zambia","volume":"6","author":"Chanda","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2205.150984","article-title":"An operational framework for insecticide resistance management planning","volume":"22","author":"Chanda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"b24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Zambia Insecticide Resistance Management Plan","year":"2014"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099822","article-title":"Underpinning sustainable vector control through informed insecticide resistance management","volume":"9","author":"Thomsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.11.010","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: a worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control","volume":"32","author":"Ranson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw416","article-title":"Short-term impact of mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine on malaria in Southern Province Zambia\u202f: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"214","author":"Eisele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"b28","volume-title":"Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey 2012","year":"2012"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0464-z","article-title":"Insecticide resistance and role in malaria transmission of Anopheles funestus populations from Zambia and Zimbabwe","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-817","article-title":"The highly polymorphic CYP6M7 cytochrome P450 gene partners with the directionally selected CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b genes to expand the pyrethroid resistance front in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Africa","volume":"15","author":"Riveron","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13041","article-title":"Efficacy of ACTELLIC 300 CS, pirimiphos methyl, for indoor residual spraying in areas of high vector resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in Zambia","volume":"50","author":"Chanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.087916.108","article-title":"Two duplicated P450 genes are associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus, a major malaria vector","volume":"19","author":"Wondji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"b33","volume-title":"Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vectors","year":"2012"},{"key":"b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0895-9","article-title":"Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection","volume":"14","author":"Larsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.267","article-title":"Seasonality, blood feeding behavior, and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles arabiensis after an extended drought in Southern Zambia","volume":"76","author":"Kent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b36","volume-title":"The Epidemiology of Malaria in Zambia","author":"Chimumbwa","year":"2003"},{"key":"b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011872","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in an Anopheles funestus population from Uganda","volume":"5","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b38","volume-title":"Test Procedures for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Malaria Vector Mosquitoes","year":"2013"},{"key":"b39","volume-title":"Guideline for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Vectors Using the CDC Bottle Bioassay","author":"Brogdon","year":"2011"},{"key":"b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-16","article-title":"Vectorial status and insecticide resistance of Anopheles funestus from a sugar estate in Southern Mozambique","volume":"4","author":"Kloke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b41","first-page":"39","article-title":"Comparative testing of monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for ELISA development","volume":"65","author":"Wirtz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"b42","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Anophelinae of Africa south of the sahara (Ethiopian zoogeographical region)","volume":"54","author":"Gillies","year":"1968","journal-title":"Publ S Afr Inst Med Res"},{"key":"b43","first-page":"1","article-title":"A supplement to the anophelinae of Africa south of the sahara","volume":"55","author":"Gillies","year":"1987","journal-title":"Publ Afr Inst Med Res"},{"key":"b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.37","article-title":"A ribosomal RNA gene probe differentiates member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex","volume":"37","author":"Collins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.804","article-title":"A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group","volume":"66","author":"Koekemoer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.2.267","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus (Diptera: culicidae) from Mozambique","volume":"43","author":"Casimiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11010","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011010","article-title":"High level of pyrethroid resistance in an Anopheles funestus population of the Chokwe district in Mozambique","volume":"5","author":"Cuamba","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-122","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in Southern African Anopheles funestus extends to Likoma Island in Lake Malawi","volume":"3","author":"Hunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1610-1","article-title":"Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011\u20132015","volume":"15","author":"Mzilahowa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0993-8","article-title":"The emergence of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) from sentinel sites in Mutare and Mutasa districts, Zimbabwe","volume":"14","author":"Sande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0693-4","article-title":"Implementation of the global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors: progress, challenges and the way forward","volume":"14","author":"Mnzava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-60","article-title":"Cotton pest management practices and the selection of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae population in northern Benin","volume":"4","author":"Yadouleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3101-4","article-title":"Implications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: trends in pyrethroid resistance during a WHO-coordinated multi-country prospective study","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"b54","volume-title":"E4153 Ministry of Finance Strategic Programme for Climate Resilence in Zambia","year":"2013"},{"key":"b55","volume-title":"Livestock Development and Animal Volume III (without ESMF and RPF). III","year":"2011"},{"key":"b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0877-y","article-title":"Rise of multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus in Malawi: a major concern for malaria vector control","volume":"14","author":"Riveron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00234.x","article-title":"Anopheles funestus resistant to pyrethroid insecticides in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-52","article-title":"Malaria vector control by indoor residual insecticide spraying on the tropical island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea","volume":"6","author":"Sharp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-110","article-title":"The emergence of insecticide resistance in central Mozambique and potential threat to the successful indoor residual spraying malaria control programme","volume":"10","author":"Abilio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00092.x","article-title":"Anopheles rivulorum, a vector of human malaria in Africa","volume":"10","author":"Wilkes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-230","article-title":"Reconsideration of Anopheles rivulorum as a vector of Plasmodium falciparum in western Kenya: some evidence from biting time, blood preference, sporozoite positive rate, and pyrethroid resistance","volume":"5","author":"Kawada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T17:07:10Z","timestamp":1611767230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajtmh.org\/doi\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_Suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0664","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]}}}