{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:33:32Z","timestamp":1791185612653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Trop Med Hyg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant association was observed among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult cases in Lusaka, Zambia compared with HIV-negative controls for chronic diarrhea (68% versus 22%; P &lt; 0.05), weight loss (54% versus 30%; P &lt; 0.05), lymphadenopathy (44% versus 15%; P &lt; 0.05), and skin eruption (33% versus 7%; P &lt; 0.05). Among the HIV-positive children, a higher proportion had clinical evidence of tuberculosis when compared with HIV-negative children (8% versus 1%; P &lt; 0.05). The study demonstrated an association between weight loss in HIV-positive adults and children and chronic diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 12.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.4-25.5; P &lt; 0.001), persistent cough (OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 2.9-14.5; P &lt; 0.001), and an age of 31-45 years (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.8-8.3; P &lt; 0.01). The factors associated with mortality in HIV positive patients included chronic diarrhea (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.6-34; P &lt; 0.01), and lymphadenopathy (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.2-12.2; P &lt; 0.04).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T17:00:51Z","timestamp":1494435651000},"page":"38-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea and wasting in Zambia: selected risk factors and clinical associations."],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Chintu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H L","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kaile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Marani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K S","family":"Baboo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Mwansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Sakala-Kazembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Sunkutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Zumla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/59\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/59\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/59\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T12:13:00Z","timestamp":1725451980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/59\/1\/article-p38.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.38","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}}}