{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:21:34Z","timestamp":1790925694229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Trop Med Hyg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of cytokine-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed in 28 subjects with microfilaremic loiasis and in 14 amicrofilaremic individuals. In addition, a subgroup of seven microfilaremic individuals coinfected with Plasmodium malariae was evaluated. By using flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of cytokines, a more pronounced T helper (Th)2 cell-type response with the expansion of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expressing CD4+ cells in the microfilaremic compared with the amicrofilaremic group was noted. Expression of IL-5 was equivalent in both groups as was the frequency of Th2-type cytokines expressing CD8+ cells and of Th1-type cytokines (interferon [IFN]-gamma, IL-2, IFN-gamma\/IL-2) producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Th0-type cytokine-expressing cells, represented by IL-4\/IFN-gamma, IL-10\/IFN-gamma, and IL-13\/IFN-gamma, were equally distributed within groups. Coinfection of P. malariae did not significantly alter the cytokine expression compared with microfilaremic individuals without P. malariae infections. By identifying a large panel of cytokine-producing T cell subpopulations, a Th2-driven immune response in microfilaremic Loa loa patients was noted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T17:09:53Z","timestamp":1494436193000},"page":"680-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Increased frequency of Th2-type cytokine-producing T cells in microfilaremic loiasis."],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Winkler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Willheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Aichelburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P G","family":"Kremsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Graninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/60\/4\/article-p680.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/60\/4\/article-p680.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/60\/4\/article-p680.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T10:58:13Z","timestamp":1725447493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/60\/4\/article-p680.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}